Across
- 1. An organic compound that is oxidised during respiration to release energy.
- 3. The biological process in which organic substances are oxidised to release energy for cellular activities.
- 5. The process of ATP synthesis associated with electron transfer through the mitochondrial electron transport system.
- 6. The six-carbon compound formed before its cleavage into two three-carbon molecules during glycolysis.
- 11. Describes a pathway that functions in both catabolism and anabolism.
- 13. An anaerobic process in which organic molecules are incompletely oxidised and energy is released without oxygen.
- 15. The energy-rich molecule produced during cellular respiration and used for cellular activities.
- 16. The cell organelles where pyruvate oxidation, Krebs cycle and the electron transport system occur.
- 21. A four-carbon intermediate of the Krebs cycle formed from alpha-ketoglutarate.
- 22. The mechanism by which ATP synthesis is linked to the movement of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- 23. An electron carrier involved in the mitochondrial electron transport system.
- 26. The ten-step pathway in which glucose is converted into pyruvate in the cytoplasm.
- 27. A six-carbon intermediate formed from citrate during the Krebs cycle.
- 28. A reduced electron carrier produced during the Krebs cycle and used in the electron transport system.
- 31. The enzyme complex associated with the mitochondrial membrane that synthesises ATP using the proton gradient.
- 34. Organic compounds that can be broken down into glycerol and fatty acids and used as respiratory substrates.
- 35. A four-carbon intermediate formed during the Krebs cycle from succinate.
- 36. Type of respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen and results in complete oxidation of respiratory substrates.
- 37. The infoldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane that increase its surface area.
- 38. The two-carbon compound formed from pyruvate before entering the Krebs cycle.
- 40. The cycle of reactions in the mitochondrial matrix that oxidises acetyl CoA and releases carbon dioxide.
- 41. An organism that carries out alcoholic fermentation under anaerobic conditions.
- 43. The four-carbon compound that combines with acetyl CoA to initiate the Krebs cycle.
- 44. A reduced electron carrier produced during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation and the Krebs cycle.
- 45. The mode of ATP formation in which phosphate is directly transferred from a phosphorylated substrate to ADP.
Down
- 2. A five-carbon intermediate of the Krebs cycle formed from isocitrate.
- 4. The six-carbon compound formed when acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate.
- 7. Organic compounds that can be broken down into amino acids and enter respiratory pathways after deamination.
- 8. A positively charged particle whose movement across the mitochondrial membrane contributes to ATP synthesis.
- 9. The alcohol produced during alcoholic fermentation in yeast.
- 10. The enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of glucose during the initial step of glycolysis.
- 12. A three-carbon compound formed during glycolysis and further oxidised to produce ATP and NADH.
- 14. A four-carbon intermediate of the Krebs cycle that is oxidised to oxaloacetate.
- 17. The mitochondrial membrane containing the electron transport system and ATP synthase complexes.
- 18. The series of electron-transfer reactions occurring in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- 19. The six-carbon compound formed by the combination of acetyl CoA with oxaloacetic acid.
- 20. The enzyme complex responsible for the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
- 24. The three-carbon end product of glycolysis.
- 25. Organic compounds that commonly serve as respiratory substrates in plants.
- 26. The six-carbon sugar that enters glycolysis and is converted into pyruvate.
- 29. The removal of carbon dioxide from pyruvate during its conversion to acetyl CoA.
- 30. The cellular location where glycolysis takes place.
- 32. A four-carbon intermediate of the Krebs cycle formed from succinyl CoA.
- 33. The removal of hydrogen from a substrate during respiration, resulting in reduction of an electron carrier.
- 39. The innermost compartment of mitochondria where the Krebs cycle takes place.
- 42. A six-carbon sugar derivative formed during glycolysis after glucose-6-phosphate isomerisation.