Across
- 4. pathophysiological changes of the bronchi seen with asthma include inflammation of the mucosa, _______________ caused by contraction of the smooth muscle in the airway, and increased secretion of thick mucus.
- 5. the lungs typically are maintained by ___________ pressure.
- 7. common viral infection in children ages 2-12, causes inflammation or obstruction of the small bronchi and bronchioles.
- 8. most respiratory viral infections are spread by exposure to infected respiratory ___________________.
- 10. the amount of air entering the lungs with each normal breath.
- 12. common name for this respiratory viral infection that is characterized by a “barky” cough caused by inflammation of the larynx and subglottic areas.
- 13. to facilitate this, the pressure in the alveoli is higher than the pressure in the atmosphere, causing air to move from the lungs to the atmosphere.
- 14. light bubbly or crackling sounds, with serous secretions
- 15. most pulmonary emboli present due to a blood clot that obstructs the pulmonary artery; most originate from DVTs in this location.
- 16. bacterial infection secondary to cold/allergy; occurs due to obstruction of drainage from paranasal sinuses.
- 17. infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis; primarily affects the lungs; may be primary or secondary; when active presents with cough, hemoptysis, night sweats, etc.
- 19. flail chest manifests with this type of chest movement
- 20. results from injury to the alveolar wall and capillary membrane causing increased permeability resulting in alveoli filling with fluid and damaging surfactant producing cells.
- 21. primary treatment for patients with pharyngeal tissue collapse during sleep.
- 22. grating sound produced as rough, inflamed, or scarred pleural move against each other.
- 25. reflex response to irritation in upper respiratory tract, assists in removing irritants, may be associated with inflammation or foreign material.
- 26. infection of the lung
- 29. genetic autosomal recessive disorder; presents as a result of a mutation of the CFTR gene; results in altered chloride transport causing think, tenacious secretions in the lungs.
- 30. this adventitious breath sound typically indicates obstruction in small airways.
- 31. excessive fluid in the pleural cavity that causes separation of the pleural membranes is called a(n) __________________.
- 33. deep rapid respirations—typical for acidosis; may follow strenuous exercise.
- 35. results from three to six rib fractures in two places or more than two consecutive ribs allowing ribs to move independently during respirations.
- 36. this level is responsible for stimulating ventilation, when it is high, respiratory rate increases.
- 37. tracheal deviation is indicative of this type of pneumothorax.
- 38. rapid, superficial breathing
- 39. collapse of alveoli that causes decreased surface area for proper gas exchange resulting in hypoxia and increasing risk of pneumonia.
Down
- 1. perioding breathing associated with periods of apnea and tachypnea, also varied in rate and depth.
- 2. when air enters in the pleural cavity.
- 3. chronic hypoxia associated with respiratory or cardiovascular diseases can result in ____________ of the fingers.
- 6. secondary problem often associated with cystic fibrosis or COPD – causes a chronic cough with copious amounts of purulent sputum.
- 9. characterized by pink, frothy sputum, a medical emergency, causes by excessive amounts of fluid in the interstitial spaces and alveoli of the lungs.
- 11. organism most commonly responsible for causing the “common cold.”
- 18. to facilitate this, air moves from the atmosphere into the lungs.
- 21. irritation to the pharynx/trachea caused by nasal discharge typically results in this manifestation.
- 23. acute onset viral infection that may affect the upper or lower airways; presents with fever, fatigue, body aches, sore throat, runny nose, cough; seasonal vaccination recommended.
- 24. Inflammation, obstruction, repeated infection, chronic coughing twice for 3 months or longer in 2 years
- 27. this high-pitched crowing noise usually indicates upper airway obstruction.
- 28. emphysema presents due to destruction of alveolar walls and septae that result in _________________ of alveolar air spaces; associated with cigarette smoking or genetic deficiency of the alpha 1-antitrypsin gene.
- 32. rusty or dark colored sputum is usually indicative of this type of pneumonia.
- 34. Amount of air remaining in the lungs after forced respiration.