Respiratory System: Part B

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Across
  1. 1. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood in pulmonary capillaries.
  2. 4. A molecule released by red blood cells during glucose breakdown that binds to hemoglobin and decreases its affinity for oxygen, promoting oxygen unloading to tissues.
  3. 5. Hemoglobin that is bound to carbon dioxide via its globin portion, accounting for about 23% of CO2 transport in the blood.
  4. 12. A group of neurons in the anterior medulla that fire spontaneously to initiate quiet inspiration and coordinate breathing rhythms.
  5. 13. The effect of pH on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve; decreased pH (more H+ ions) reduces hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, promoting unloading of oxygen to tissues.
  6. 14. A law stating that the total pressure of a gas mixture equals the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas: Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3 + ... + Pn
  7. 15. The normal, quiet breathing rate of approximately 12-15 breaths per minute.
  8. 16. The movement of gases between the atmosphere and the alveoli; the physical process of breathing air in and out of the lungs.
  9. 17. A region in the pons that facilitates smooth transitions between inspiration and expiration; damage to it causes erratic breathing.
Down
  1. 2. Hemoglobin that is bound to and transporting oxygen molecules.
  2. 3. The phenomenon where the unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin causes a conformational change that increases hemoglobin's capacity to bind carbon dioxide.
  3. 6. A law stating that the concentration of a gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure above that liquid.
  4. 7. The primary method of carbon dioxide transport in the blood (~70%), where CO2 is converted to bicarbonate ion via carbonic anhydrase: CO2 + H20 <--> H2CO3 <--> H+ + HCO3-
  5. 8. A state in which ventilation exceeds the metabolic demands of the tissues, resulting in increased arterial O2 and decreased arterial CO2, potentially leading to respiratory alkalosis.
  6. 9. A state in which ventilation does not meet the demands of the tissues, resulting in decreased arterial O2 and increased arterial CO2, potentially leading to respiratory acudisus,
  7. 10. A gas law stating that pressure and volume are inversely related; if volume increases, pressure decreases, and vice versa. This principle underlies the mechanics of breathing.
  8. 11. The exchange of repiratory gases between the blood in systemic capillaries and the body's systemic cells.