Across
- 1. Water that is heated beneath the ground, which comes to the surface in a variety of ways
- 3. Artificial watering of land
- 7. The opening—usually central and single—in a volcano, from which magma is emitted
- 11. Farming to provide food and other resources for the farmers own family
- 12. A logarithmic scale used for measuring earthquakes based on scientific recordings of the amount of movement
- 14. Steps cut into hill sides to create areas of flat land
- 15. Money, food, training, and technology given by richer countries to poorer ones, either to help with an emergency or to encourage long term development
- 20. The dense mostly solid layer between the outer core and the crust
- 21. The after effect of the eruption on a longer timescale
- 23. Later reactions that occur in the weeks, months and years after the event
- 28. A mega colossal volcano that erupts at least 1000km³ of material
- 29. The collective term for prediction, protection and preparation
- 30. The outer layer of the earth
- 34. The immediate effects of the eruption, caused directly by it
- 35. A means of measuring earthquakes describing and comparing the damage done, on a scale of 1-12
- 37. Deep sections of the ocean, usually where an oceanic plate is sinking below a continental plate
- 38. Constructing buildings so that they are safe to live in and will not collapse.
- 39. Extended openings along a line of weakness that allow magma to escape
Down
- 2. A sudden and brief period of ground shaking
- 4. A section of the earth's crust
- 5. Attempts to forecast an event—where and when it will happen—based on current knowledge
- 6. The circular currents of heat in the mantle
- 8. An occurrence over which people have little control, which poses a threat to people's lives and possessions. This is different to a natural event as volcanoes can erupt in unpopulated areas without being a hazard.
- 9. These secondary effects of eruptions are mudflows resulting from ash mixing with melting ice or water
- 10. A special type of wave where the entire depth of the sea or ocean is set in motion by an event, often an earthquake, which displaces the water above it and creates a huge wave
- 13. The point at the earth's surface directly above the focus the focus
- 16. spot A section of the earths crust where plumes of magma rise, weakening the crust. These are away from plate boundaries
- 17. How people react as the disaster happens and in the immediate aftermath
- 18. The sinking of oceanic crust at a destructive margin
- 19. The use of flowing water to turn turbines to generate electricity
- 22. A steep-sided volcano that is made up of a variety of materials, such as lava and ash
- 24. A broad volcano that is mostly made up of lava
- 25. A geothermal feature in which water erupts into the air under pressure
- 26. Large Mountain ranges where rock layers have been crumpled as they have been forced together
- 27. Seismic waves generated by an earthquake that pass through the earth's crust
- 31. Organising activities and drills so that people know what to do in an earthquake
- 32. The depression of the supervolano marking the collapsed magma chamber
- 33. The point in the earth's crust where the earthquake originates
- 36. The meeting of two plates of continental crust. They are both the same type so they meet 'head on' and buckle