REVIEW

5. Converting text or speech from L2 to L1; heavily used in Grammar-Translation but restricted in Direct Methods.
6. Real-world texts, audio, or materials created for native speakers, not originally designed for language teaching.
9. Bulgarian psychiatrist who developed Suggestopedia, emphasizing relaxation, comfortable environments, and classical music.
10. Piagetian process where existing cognitive schemas are modified or created to fit new experience or information.
12. Type of conditioning (Pavlov) based on involuntary responses triggered by associated stimuli.
14. Short, targeted evaluations (______ checks) used in self-paced frameworks to verify understanding before a student advances.
16. Repetitive oral exercises used in structural methods (like Audiolingualism) to build speech habits through repetition.
17. Blended learning model (______ learning) where students learn content at home and engage in active practice in class.
18. In communicative approaches and CLIL, language is viewed not as an isolated subject, but as a ______ for expressing meaning.
19. Physical actions or gestures executed by learners during Total Physical Response (TPR) activities.
20. Pre-existing mental structures or units of background knowledge that help learners organize and interpret new information.

1. Authentic, real-world objects brought into the classroom to provide direct sensory context for language learning.
2. Type of conditioning (Skinner) where behavior is modified through consequences, rewards, or punishments.
3. The situational, social, or linguistic environment surrounding language that gives words and utterances clear meaning.
4. Type of learning (Ausubel) where new knowledge is consciously connected to prior concepts, rather than memorized by rote.
7. The ultimate goal of CLT: to exchange meaningful messages and interact effectively in context.
8. Information provided to students regarding performance, essential for error correction and skill development.
11. A core, goal-oriented activity in TBL where language is used as a tool to achieve a concrete, real-world outcome.
13. Collocations, fixed expressions, or formulaic phrases stored and retrieved as single units (lexical ______).
15. Any stimulus or consequence in behavioral theory that increases the frequency or strengthens a desired response.