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3. An error in thinking that reflects a reluctance to change our ideas in light of new information.
5. One of the key ethical guidelines of research regarding study participants.
7. Assesses whether the independent and dependent variable are related in the proposed way.
10. Does the proposed relationship between cause (x) and effect (y) make sense?
12. A variable that connects the cause (x) to the effect (y) to create a “causal chain.”
15. An error in thinking whereby a conclusion is reached about a large group based on only a few observations.
16. _____ Prison Experiment
17. A type of research approach that starts with observations and ends with a theory.
19. Supposedly delivered to “learners” in the Milgram authority experiments.
20. When the researcher does not know the identify of the research participant.
24. Information that appears to be “scientific” but has not been generated using the Scientific Method.
26. A variable that lies outside of a “causal chain” but influences the nature of the relationship between cause (x) and effect (y).
27. A research approach that analyzes words, images, and other social artifacts instead of numerical data.
29. Observing the cause (x) before the effect (y) in time.
30. An established body that ensures the ethical principles of research are followed.
31. One of the key ethical guidelines of research regarding study participants.

1. When a theory is written simply, it has __________.
2. A word derived from a research question that is used to search for published research.
4. A demonstration of what would have occurred in the absence of the independent variable (i.e., the cause).
6. The more a theory can explain, the better.
8. The practice of withholding some information about an experiment from the participant.
9. An error in thinking whereby only information that supports one’s view is sought out (and “negative cases” are ignored.)
11. The disease examined in the Tuskegee study that withheld treatment from Black men in Alabama for 40 years.
13. A method for populating a treatment and control group that renders them equal (in expectation).
14. A common type of research that describes “who,” “what,” “when,” and “where” (e.g., the Uniform Crime Reports).
18. A type of research that assesses the effectiveness of a program, practice, or policy.
21. A research approach that seeks to identify general patterns between variables, rather than focusing on a specific individual.
22. A research approach that focuses on understanding the behavior of a specific individual, rather than a general pattern between variables.
23. Describes a bi-directional (non-causal) relationship between two variables.
25. A type of research that is conducted for the first time.
28. A data analysis approach that uses data that has already been collected and shared.