Rhetoric and Propaganda Review

4. pointing fingers at the opponent and tarnishing their name
5. who attended the speech or who the piece was written to
7. a brief reference to a famous person or event - often from literature, history, Greek mythology, or the Bible
9. a mild or pleasant term used in place of an unpleasant or offensive one
13. states to follow a particular course of action or disastrous consequences will result
15. persuading by appealing to the audience’s emotions.
17. the combination of two words of opposite meaning for dramatic, comedic or provocative effect
19. making a product appear better than it is by “stacking up” the good things and leaving out the bad
23. persuading by using logic and reasoning
24. repetition at the beginning of a line
25. repetition at the end of a line
26. several parts of a sentence or several sentences expressed in similar grammatical form to show that the ideas are equal in importance; can add balance, rhythm and emphasis to ideas
27. when a famous person recommends a product
30. comparison using “like” or “as"
31. a repeated word or phrase, used for emphasis
32. using words that appeal to emotion rather than logic or reason
35. a type of metaphor in which non-human objects or ideas are given human qualities
36. a statement that says less than it means; often used for comedic effect

1. making an illogical association between one thing and something else that is generally positive or negative
2. flowery or vague words that evoke powerful emotions
3. tries to convince the audience that they share the same plights (struggles) and experiences as the common man/woman
6. a statement that expresses the opposite of the literal meaning of the words; often used for humorous or sarcastic effect
8. comparison without using “like” or “as”
10. what the author is trying to accomplish in a speech
11. the general, political, social, or economic state of land during the time when the piece was written or delivered
12. any information, etc. spread to influence the opinions, emotions, attitudes, or behavior of a group of people
14. encouraging people to think or act in some way simply because other people are doing so
16. the person who gave the speech or wrote the piece
18. persuading through the character and credibility of the author
20. what the speech is primarily about
21. an error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid
22. an obvious, intended exaggeration
28. the written or spoken word
29. the author’s attitude toward the subject
31. a question posed for effect, not requiring an answer
33. the repetition of the first consonant sound, occurring close together in a series
34. putting two contrasting elements together that are so unlike that the effect is surprising or witty