Rise of the Mamluks

3. The final empire that defeated the Mamluks in 1517, ending their rule.
6. The historical term used by the Mamluks to describe their public hospitals.
7. The famous Mamluk general and sultan who was nicknamed Al-Bunduqdari.
9. The dominant ethnic group of the later Burji Mamluk sultans.
12. The main capital city and political heart of the Mamluk Sultanate.
14. The primary ethnic background of most early Bahri Mamluk soldiers.
15. The first official dynasty of the Mamluks, named after their barracks near the Nile river.

1. The sultan who led the Mamluks during the Battle of Ain Jalut but ruled for less than a year.
2. The powerful eastern empire that was successfully defeated by the Mamluks at Ain Jalut.
4. The core of the Mamluk army, which consisted of highly trained horse archers.
5. The Islamic charitable endowments used to fund free Mamluk hospitals and schools.
7. The second Mamluk dynasty whose rulers famously lived and ruled from towers.
8. The literal meaning of the word 'Mamluk' refers to this group of elite military individuals.
10. The last major Crusader coastal stronghold captured by the Mamluks in 1291.
11. The heavily fortified palace complex in Cairo where the Mamluk sultans lived.
13. The historic 1260 battle where the Mamluks permanently stopped the Mongol advance.