Rivers: Upper Course

5. The dominant type of erosion that deepens the river channel in the upper course.
6. Transport process where small pebbles bounce along the river bed.
8. rock that erodes faster beneath the cap rock.
12. Softer Carboniferous rock beneath the Whin Sill that erodes more quickly.
13. The upstream movement of a waterfall over time.
15. Weathering process common in upland areas where water repeatedly freezes and expands in cracks.
17. Breakdown of rock in situ before material enters the river.
18. A sudden drop in the river caused by differences in rock resistance.
20. Erosion caused when the force of water compresses air into cracks in the river bed and banks.
21. What happens to the softer rock beneath the hard rock at a waterfall.
24. Rocks carried by the river scrape away the bed and banks like sandpaper .
25. Part of the river where they begin.
27. Transport process where fine sediment is carried within the river water.

1. Deep basin formed by turbulent water and abrasion at the base of a waterfall.
2. Transport process where large rocks roll along the river bed.
3. Unsupported section of hard rock that eventually collapses.
4. Transport process where dissolved minerals are carried invisibly within the water.
7. A cross-sectional view showing the shape of the river channel and valley at a particular point
9. The steepness of the river valley, greatest in the upper course.
10. The place where a river begins.
11. Famous waterfall on the River Tees used as the AQA case study.
12. Material transported by the river.
14. Ridges of land that a youthful river winds around because it lacks energy to cut through them.
16. rock that forms the cap of High Force waterfall.
19. Resistant igneous rock forming the cap rock at High Force.
22. A side view showing how a river's gradient changes from source to mouth.
23. Steep-sided landform created by vertical erosion and weathering.
26. A steep-sided valley left behind as a waterfall retreats upstream.