Rock and Minerals in the Geosphere 6th

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Across
  1. 3. these in the mantle are what is causing the plates in the crust to slowly move over time
  2. 4. as seismic waves travel through Earth, they may change ____ or ____ as they travel through different types of rock and material, this helps scientists know what is inside Earth
  3. 5. when high heat and pressure are applied and change a rock
  4. 6. the ___ ___ ___ gives a number that describes the hardness of a mineral
  5. 8. oceanic crust is mainly the rock called ____
  6. 11. the inner core is this state of matter
  7. 16. a mineral is described by its ___ ___, that is, how many sides or faces it has and the angle of those sides
  8. 18. igneous rock that forms underground is called this
  9. 19. the lower layer of the mantle, described as having “plasticity”
  10. 21. the layer under Earth’s crust is called this
  11. 22. some minerals are made from ____. When the ___ cools, the solids form minerals (same word is used in both blanks)
  12. 23. rock that forms from cooled magma or lava
  13. 25. drilling into Earth and collecting samples is a type of ____ evidence that is used to determine what is inside Earth
  14. 29. for any type of rock to become magma or lava, it must first go through this process
  15. 30. the upper mantle is said to have this property due to its solid nature but it has slow movement and flexibility
  16. 31. testing this, you would look at the color of a mineral’s powder by scratching it on an unglazed ceramic plate
  17. 33. how much matter is in a substance- use a scale and weigh it to find out
  18. 35. how much space something takes up- use a math formula or use water displacement to get the answer
  19. 36. continental crust is mainly the rock called ____
  20. 37. for sediments to become sedimentary rock, this process must happen – using pressure from layers above
  21. 39. as the material in the mantle gets close to the core, it heats and then ____, as it moves away from the core, it cools and then _____
  22. 41. when minerals solidify into a regular repeating pattern and make crystals
  23. 43. as the cooling mantle that is rising collides with the crust, it moves under it and ____ it along slowly
  24. 45. the process of rock being moved due to wind, water, gravity, etc
  25. 46. we say that some minerals can be ___. That is -chemicals can make one type of mineral, but when temp and pressure are changed, those same chemicals can make a different mineral
  26. 47. for sediments to become sedimentary rock, there must be compression and _______. Sometimes salts can aid with this second process.
Down
  1. 1. the inner core is hot enough to melt the metal there but it doesn’t because of the __ it is under
  2. 2. both pressure and temperature _____ as you go down in depth toward the center of Earth
  3. 7. movement of sediments and other broken down rock pieces by wind, water, gravity, etc
  4. 9. the outer core is this state of matter
  5. 10. this is the outermost thin layer of Earth
  6. 12. the reflective property of a mineral is called this
  7. 13. slow movements of the crust drives the rock cycle, this process of moving pieces of the crust is called this ___ ____
  8. 14. eroded rock that forms sediments
  9. 15. when natural processes breakdown rock
  10. 17. as material in the mantle changes ____ as it gets close to the core, it heats and the particles spread out changing the ___ of the material, then it rises because of that
  11. 18. the outer and inner core are mostly these two metals ____ and ____
  12. 20. if a mineral breaks into jagged uneven pieces, it has this
  13. 21. because the cores are metal, it gives Earth a ___ ___ that shifts and changes slowly over time
  14. 22. the type of energy from earthquakes that scientists can use to determine what the interior of Earth is made of
  15. 24. the size, shape, and pattern of the grains in the rock
  16. 26. minerals made from living organisms it is called an ____ mineral, like a pearl
  17. 27. the mass per unit volume of a substance
  18. 28. the uppermost mantle directly under the crust
  19. 32. igneous rock that makes it to Earth’s surface then hardens is called this
  20. 34. the inner core is as hot as the surface of the ___
  21. 38. if a mineral breaks along a geometric plane or in regular pieces it has this
  22. 40. Molten material underground is called ____, if it reaches the surface it is called _____
  23. 42. processes that change rocks from one type to another
  24. 44. slow cooling lava makes ____ crystals