Rocks and Weathering 1

3. A place where a denser plate sinks beneath another plate into the mantle.
4. Rocks formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
7. Molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface, containing dissolved gases and crystals.
9. The thinner, denser, younger crust beneath the ocean floor, made mostly of basaltic rock.
10. The breakdown of rocks in place at or near the Earth’s surface, without transport of the material.
11. Inclined land surfaces, where steepness affects drainage, erosion, and the thickness of weathered material.
13. A type of weathering through decomposition of rock through chemical reactions that change its minerals.
14. A type of disintegration by the breaking away of individual mineral grains from a rock, usually from repeated heating and cooling, leaving a loose, sandy surface.

1. A type of disintegration by the splitting of rock along joints and cracks into angular blocks, often due to temperature changes or freeze-thaw.
2. The thick, lighter, older part of the Earth’s crust that forms the continents, made mostly of granitic rock.
5. A type of weathering through the breakdown of rock by living organisms, such as root growth, burrowing animals, and organic acids.
6. The difference in height and shape of the land surface, which affects how quickly weathered material is removed or accumulates.
8. The scientific study of the Earth, including its materials, structure, processes, and history.
11. Rocks formed from the compaction and cementation of sediments, or from chemical and organic deposits.
12. A type of weathering through mechanical breakup of rock into smaller pieces without changing its chemical composition.