Across
- 4. Performers of violent games that were performed in amphitheaters across the Roman Empire
- 6. A Roman city that would be covered by a volcanic eruption during Pax Romana. It was uncovered centuries later and is a time capsule for Roman life in the 1st century CE
- 8. Leader of the Huns, he menaced both the Visigoths and Romans but would eventually be defeated in 451 CE
- 9. ___ Romana was a period of 200 years of peace where Rome’s cultural system would make a lasting impact on 3 continents and become the basis for western civilization
- 11. Physical structures that drew water from mountains to the cities that were centers of Roman civilization
- 13. __ structures are created by human societies to organize people into groups and roles with expectations and jobs to allow for interdependence
- 15. The great domed building in Rome that was devoted to all of the gods. It would later be used as a Christian Church and has become a model for modern civic architecture like our National Capitol
- 16. A rival to Rome, this North African state would invade and almost conquer Rome. Rome’s conquest of this state would make Rome the main power of the Mediterranean Sea
- 17. An Eastern Roman capital dedicated by the Roman emperor Constantine, it would continue to serve as the capital city for a Roman Empire centuries after the city of Rome fell in 476
- 21. Roman emperor who ended the persecution of Christianity and organized church councils in order to establish a unity of beliefs among Christians at Nicea
- 23. Rome’s most famous dictator who became popular by his military accomplishments and promising cheap bread and violent games to Rome’s growing masses of poor. His popularity made him a threat to Rome’s Senate and he was murdered by them.
- 25. This alphabet is the basis for most European languages and now is used around the world.
- 27. The Roman government needed to collect more of these to pay the expense of defending a large empire. This drove many people to poverty or work to avoid engaging government
- 28. ____ tribes would challenge Roman borders from the north as they looked for better farmland and protection from groups like the Huns. Rome became less able to stop these “barbarian” invaders who would eventually take control of the empire
- 29. Roman emperor who tried to stop the decline of the empire by dividing it into an eastern and western half.
Down
- 1. A Jewish teacher whose followers saw as the Messiah or Christ who would live and die under Roman rule in Judea
- 2. Humans are pack animals and rely on this to meet the needs of individuals within a society
- 3. The Roman social structure that not only defended and expanded the empire, they built structures like roads and aqueducts that served the people of the empire
- 5. Understood by Romans to be the founder of Rome in 753 BCE after he killed his brother Remus
- 7. Visigothic leader who sacked Rome in 410 CE, this represented the first time the city would fall from Roman control since the days of the early Republic
- 10. This is the shared product of human societies and reflects the beliefs, knowledge, values, language and technology.
- 11. Rome’s first emperor, he began a 200 year period of relative peace known as Pax Romana.
- 12. ___ systems exist in all societies. They organize laws and governance that direct and protect the rules that manage interdependence
- 14. The language and culture that built Roman society. It is the root language for Romance languages like Spanish and Italian today.
- 15. Rome’s lower classes, they would fight for rights abd were represented by Tribunes in Roman government
- 18. An early Christian missionary who organized some of the first Christian churches in the Roman Empire
- 19. ___ systems are created by societies to interdependently meet the material and non-material needs of its members
- 20. A society that lived next to the Latins in central Italy, they taught the Romans many key elements of developing a more advanced culture like written language. They once ruled over Rome but were kicked out when Rome set up a republic
- 22. The way human societies use and move on land is known as___
- 24. A religion that developed in Roman Judea and would spread during Pax Romana. Beginning with Nero, this religion would face persecutions in part because its members refused to worship the emperor. In spite of this, it would grow and eventually become Rome’s official state religion later in the history of the Western part of the empire.
- 26. Rome developed a social hierarchy with this class of people dominating power and making up the Senate