Across
- 2. Aso writes that "One of the key tools used by the colonial state and its police in [surveillance] was the _______." (37)
- 4. The name of the French colony in today's southern Vietnam (as written in English). (26)
- 9. Aso writes that "Cultivation on plantations during the twentieth century altered hevea's spatial and temporal ecology in __________ ways. (43)
- 13. A French term for various people groups who lived in the highlands, including the Stieng. (45)
- 15. The Latin name for the rubber tree genus (24)
- 16. The season during which workers could tap trees more efficiently. (42)
- 18. Ecological _________: A term coined by historian Ian Miller to refer to a new way of viewing and classifying plants, animals, and other natural products. (43)
- 20. Terres ________: "red earth," the class of fertile land typically given to wealthy planters, usually located far from cities, as opposed to terres gris. (33)
- 21. A science that emerged during the late 1800s and became influential in colonial Vietnam by the 1910s, which emphasizes connections between different parts of the environment. (30)
- 22. Road-building in southeastern Vietnam was largely funded by the Bank of ________. (39-40)
- 23. These "ways" remained the most important means of transporting agricultural products well into the 20th century. (41)
Down
- 1. What disease did Emperor Gia Long try to combat in Vietnam using imported vaccines? (23)
- 3. The Sai Gon, Dong Nai, and Be are the three _______ that water southeastern Vietnam. (25)
- 5. The English word that roughly corresponds to thiên nhiên (Vietnamese), tianran (Chinese), and tenzen (Japanese)
- 6. Aso claims that colonial officials and planters began to view Cochinchina from an increasingly ecological _________ during the early twentieth century.
- 7. Before French colonization, the eastern provinces of Vietnam were covered by millions of hectares of ______.
- 8. A large area devoted to cultivation of a single plant or a very small number of plants, usually with intensive labor.
- 10. Many highland communities used this simple tool to clear land, but colonial officials often described it as "dangerous" or "lazy". Also used by some plantation owners to clear large tracts of land. (48)
- 11. A fluid produced by the rubber tree, tapped to produce organic rubber.
- 12. A form of agriculture that emphasizes efficient, large-scale production: ______ agriculture.
- 13. Aso describes the place of rubber plants within the colonial economy as "gardens in the ________." (44)
- 14. A form of pre-colonial agriculture often practice in forested areas, known as "rẫy" in colonial-era Vietnamese, and largely condemned by French officials until the 1940s. (30)
- 17. The surname of the French Governor General who placed greater emphasis on forest protection after 1911. (32)
- 18. An island off the coast of Africa where French scientists had studied trees and forests before France colonized southern Vietnam. (30)
- 19. A labor-intensive method of land clearance adopted by many rubber planters, which involved some burning and then intensive digging with pickaxes. (49)
- 24. A French word meaning an administrative order or decree. (Write without the diacritics.)