Across
- 3. Leader of the CHEKA secret police
- 7. According to Marx, the privileged class which owned the means of production.
- 9. It was here Lenin introduced the NEP, called for party unity and banned factions
- 17. A nationalist conflict in which Poland sought to secure its independence and secure its borders
- 18. A peace treaty signed on 18 March 1921 bringing an end to the Polish-Soviet War and ensuring Polish independence
- 19. A faction of the CPSU which emerged in 1920 in response to the perceived bureaucratisation of Russia.
- 22. WWI prisoners of war who fought for the White Army against the Red Army during the Civil War.
- 23. Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
- 30. A conflict in which the Red Army successfully defended the newly formed Bolshevik government against a range of Russian and interventionist anti-Bolshevik armies
- 33. Council of People's Commissars; comprised of 15 ministers, or 'Commissars', all of whom were Bolsheviks.
- 34. A major uprising of sailors against the Bolshevik government in Feb-March 1921
- 36. As promised by Lenin, and carried out on 26 October 1917 through the Decree on Land
- 37. Peasant insurgent armies which fought against both the Red and White armies during the Civil War.
- 38. Merchants and private traders who emerged during the NEP to exploit the commercial opportunities for profit.
- 39. A catastrophe in which 5-8 million Russian peasants died as a result of natural and human causes, notably civil war
Down
- 1. According to Marx, the industrial working class labouring under the yoke of bourgeoisie oppression.
- 2. A rich peasant or landowner.
- 4. The NEP promoted economic recovery after the Civil War, including the reintroduction of a measure of capitalism; many aspects of the NEP caused dissent within the Communist Party.
- 5. Women's Department of the Communist Party which promoted equality and opportunities for women
- 6. Counter-revolutionary forces opposed to the Bolsheviks during the Civil War; a disparate group of armies with different motivations and a distinct lack of unity.
- 8. An imposed policy of collective farming, it eventually led to more efficient farming and increased production, but at a great human cost.
- 10. Advocate for women's rights and social reform and leader of the Workers' Opposition
- 11. Key Bolshevik and leader of the Red Army
- 12. Lenin's response to the refusal of the majority SRs to endorse his decrees on land redistribution and peace; the doors were locked and guarded and that was that
- 13. A period of repression and mass executions carried out by the CHEKA during the Civil War and responsible for the deaths of upwards of 250,000
- 14. A treaty between Russia and Germany which formally ended WWI hostilities between the two countries but at great cost to Russia
- 15. An early Bolshevik economic policy which mixed aspects of capitalism and centralisation.
- 16. In Marxist theory, a period after the overthrow of capitalism in which all traces of the old regime are eradicated
- 20. The Soviet political police under Lenin; headed up by 'Iron Felix' Dzerzhinsky.
- 21. A phrase invented by Trotsky to describe the widening gap between industrial and agricultural prices during 1923.
- 24. The confiscation of grain by the Bolsheviks in order to supply the Red Army during the Civil War
- 25. One of Lenin's priority policies to modernise Russia
- 26. Founder and leader of the Bolsheviks and driving force behind the Russian Revolution
- 27. The political bureau of Sovnarkom; the policy makers.
- 28. Formed in October 1917 at Trotsky's request to plan paramilitary responses to the Provisional Government
- 29. Supreme Council of the National Economy; responsible for regulating and managing the economy.
- 31. Body established by the Bolsheviks in 1919 to promote Communism around the world.
- 32. A policy of harsh, centralised economic measures used by the Bolsheviks during the Civil War, including seizure of heavy industry, the abolition of money, and grain requisitioning.
- 35. An army of workers and peasants founded during the Civil War by Leon Trotsky; it eventually became the army of the Soviet Union.