Across
- 4. A condition where the sacrum rotates relative to the ilium, often causing pain and dysfunction.
- 5. A muscle that originates on the anterior surface of the sacrum and aids in the lateral rotation of the hip.
- 8. A ligament connecting the transverse process of L5 to the ilium and sacrum, stabilizing the lumbosacral joint.
- 9. A muscle that extends from the lumbar vertebrae to the femur, involved in hip flexion and stabilization of the sacrum.
- 13. Extension The backward bending movement of the sacrum relative to the pelvis, often seen during exhalation.
- 14. The continuation of the vertebral canal within the sacrum, containing the sacral nerves.
- 19. A ligament connecting the sacrum to the ilium on the posterior side, stabilizing the sacroiliac joint.
- 22. The anterior tilt of the sacral base relative to the ilium, occurring during movements like bending forward.
- 23. A ligament connecting the ala of the sacrum to the ilium, stabilizing the anterior aspect of the sacroiliac joint.
- 24. A ridge on the posterior surface of the sacrum, formed by the fused transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae.
- 26. A gap at the lower end of the sacrum, where the vertebral canal terminates, allowing the passage of sacral nerves.
- 27. The broad, superior surface of the sacrum that articulates with the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5).
- 28. Openings in the sacrum that allow the exit of sacral nerves from the spinal cord.
- 29. Small, horn-like projections on the posterior surface of the sacrum, adjacent to the sacral hiatus.
Down
- 1. A ligament that extends from the sacrum and coccyx to the spine of the ischium, helping to form the greater and lesser sciatic foramina.
- 2. The prominent, anterior edge of the first sacral vertebra (S1), which serves as an important anatomical landmark.
- 3. The ear-shaped surface on the sacrum that articulates with the ilium of the pelvis, forming the sacroiliac joint.
- 6. Joint The joint between the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) and the sacrum, crucial for transferring forces between the spine and pelvis.
- 7. A strong ligament extending from the sacrum and coccyx to the ischial tuberosity, stabilizing the pelvis.
- 10. The posterior tilt of the sacral base relative to the ilium, occurring during movements like arching the back.
- 11. A deep muscle of the back that attaches to the sacrum and helps stabilize and rotate the spine.
- 12. Lateral Angle (ILA) The point where the sacrum meets the ilium, important in assessing sacral position and torsion.
- 15. A type of sacral torsion where the sacral base moves posteriorly on one side, often associated with activities like bending backward.
- 16. A group of muscles (gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus) that attach to the ilium and femur, involved in hip movement and sacral stabilization.
- 17. A ridge on the posterior surface of the sacrum, formed by the fused spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae.
- 18. Muscle that attaches to the iliac crest and lumbar vertebrae, assisting in lateral flexion of the spine and stabilizing the sacrum.
- 20. Flexion The forward bending movement of the sacrum relative to the pelvis, often seen during inhalation.
- 21. A large, triangular bone at the base of the spine, formed by the fusion of five vertebrae, and located between the two hip bones of the pelvis.
- 23. A type of sacral torsion where the sacral base moves anteriorly on one side, often associated with walking and hip rotation.
- 25. The pointed, inferior end of the sacrum that articulates with the coccyx.