SBO and Hypercalcemia

5. Paraneoplastic protein that mimics parathyroid hormone in many cancers.
6. Primary IV fluid intervention that stabilizes patients with hypercalcemia before calcium-lowering drugs are effective.
10. Telescoping of one segment of bowel into another, most common in children.
11. Late SBO acid–base disturbance caused by ischemia and lactic acid accumulation.
12. Primary electrolyte lost through vomiting in SBO that contributes to dysrhythmias.
13. Type of bowel obstruction involving impaired motility without a physical blockage.
15. Neuromuscular effect of hypercalcemia that increases fall risk and suppresses reflexes.
16. The classic auscultatory finding above an early mechanical bowel obstruction described as “tinkling.”

1. This early acid–base disturbance in SBO results from repeated gastric content loss.
2. Mechanism by which high calcium causes dehydration via excessive urine output.
3. Gold standard imaging modality used to identify the cause and location of a bowel obstruction.
4. The most common cause of small bowel obstruction in patients with prior abdominal surgery
7. Life threatening complication of SBO characterized by tissue death due to prolonged decreased perfusion.
8. Cancer strongly associated with PTHrP-mediated hypercalcemia due to squamous cell production.
9. Emergency complication in which bowel contents spill into the peritoneal cavity.
14. ECG change classically associated with dangerously elevated serum calcium levels.
17. Serum lab value that confirms hypercalcemia and is more reliable than total calcium in critically ill patients.