Science

3. exclusion principle no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers
6. principle electrons fill orbitals starting with the lowest energy levels before moving to higher ones
7. quantum number indicates the main energy level or shell of an electron
8. sublevel a division of principal energy levels; labeled as s, p, d, or f
9. an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, giving it a charge
14. notation a visual way to show how electrons are arranged using arrows to represent electron spins in orbitals
15. a particle of light that carries a quantum of energy
17. a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding an electron
18. uncertainty principle it is impossible to know both the exact position and momentum of an electron at the same time
19. configuration the arrangement of electrons in an atom’s orbitals

1. mechanical model the modern model of the atom that describes electrons as waves within orbitals, not fixed paths
2. a positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons
4. duality the concept that light and electrons exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties
5. dot notation a representation of an atom that shows valence electrons as dots around the element symbol
10. numbers a set of numbers used to describe the location and properties of an electron in an atom
11. a negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons
12. electrons electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom that are involved in chemical bonding
13. a property of electrons that describes their direction of rotation within an orbital
16. gas notation a shorthand way of writing electron configurations using the symbol of a noble gas to represent inner electrons
18. rule electrons will fill degenerate orbitals (same energy) singly before pairing up