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Across
  1. 2. (volcanic) A coarse-grained, generally unsorted volcanic rock consisting of partially welded angular fragments of ejected material.
  2. 4. A collapse feature that formed during a large-volume volcanic eruption when the underlying magma chamber was partially emptied and the ground above it subsided into it
  3. 5. A sudden and especially violent explosion produced during a volcanic eruption.
  4. 7. A consolidated pyroclastic rock made primarily of bombs. Roughly synonymous with spatter.
  5. 11. tuff A tuff deposited by an ash flow.
  6. 12. bomb A volcanic bomb with a fractured surface that formed because vesicles continued to expand in its core while it was still molten although its crust had been quickly quenched and solidified after eruption. Most breadcrusting forms after landing.
  7. 15. Describes rocks with amygdules.
  8. 17. A volcanic rock characteristically medium dark in color and containing approximately 57%–63% silica and moderate amounts of iron and magnesium.
Down
  1. 1. A pyroclast ejected in a solid state; it has a diameter greater than 64 mm (2.5 in).
  2. 2. Converted into, characterized by, or resembling a breccia.
  3. 3. A crystal lacking well-developed crystal faces.
  4. 5. A new area or region of a lava flow formed where lava from the molten interior of a previously formed lobe breaks out through its sides or upper margin to create a distinct lava flow advance.
  5. 6. Describes the texture of fine-grained igneous rock in which different components are not distinguishable by the unaided eye.
  6. 8. A gas cavity or vesicle in an igneous rock that has become filled with secondary minerals.
  7. 9. flow A density current, generally a hot mixture of volcanic gases and tephra that travels across the ground surface; produced by the explosive disintegration of viscous lava in a volcanic center, or from a fissure or group of fissures. The solid materials contained in a typical ash flow are generally unsorted and ordinarily include volcanic dust, pumice, scoria, and blocks in addition to ash.
  8. 10. A pyroclast with a diameter greater than 64 mm (2.5 inches) and that has a rounded or ellipsoidal shape that indicates that it was wholly or partially molten during eruption and flight.
  9. 11. A group of silicate (silicon + oxygen) minerals composed of hydrous calcium and magnesium with the general formula (Ca2Mg5)Si8O22(OH)2.
  10. 13. Fine-grained material, less than 2 mm (0.08 in) across, ejected from a volcano.
  11. 14. A volcanic rock that is characteristically dark in color (gray to black), contains approximately 53% silica or less, and is rich in iron and magnesium.
  12. 16. fall Airborne ash that falls from an eruption cloud, and the resulting deposit.
  13. 17. A welded pyroclastic deposit characterized by vitric material binding the individual clasts that commonly became fused while hot and viscous. Roughly synonymous with spatter