Across
- 3. - a term used to describe the dominance of the Spanish friars in the Philippines during the colonial period.
- 5. - relating to or characteristic of democracy, a system of government where power is vested in the people.
- 10. - Filipino word for legend or myth.
- 12. - a communist guerrilla movement in the Philippines during the Japanese occupation and post-World War II period.
- 14. - large, multi-decked sailing ships used for trade and warfare.
- 16. - a Filipino dish of meat, often chicken or pork, marinated in vinegar, soy sauce, garlic, and spices, then cooked until tender.
- 22. - large-caliber weapons, such as cannons or mortars, used in warfare.
- 23. - Spaniards born in the Iberian Peninsula, often holding high positions in the colonial government.
- 24. - a pre-colonial deity in Philippine mythology.
- 27. - traditional Filipino carts used for transportation.
- 30. - the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.
- 31. - a Filipino custom of community assistance or cooperation.
- 35. - the act of setting someone free from oppression or legal restrictions.
- 37. - an ancient Indo-Aryan language used in the Indian subcontinent.
- 38. - a Filipino tradition of welcoming or honoring someone by placing a ceremonial headdress on their head.
- 39. - the process of establishing control over a territory and its people by a foreign power.
- 43. - an ancient boat used by early Filipino settlers.
- 46. food - easily prepared and served food, often associated with quick-service restaurants.
- 47. - the aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community.
- 48. - a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or economic dominance.
- 49. - Filipino word for marketplace or trading center.
- 50. - Filipino word for image or picture.
- 51. - a term used during the Spanish colonial period to refer to native Filipinos.
Down
- 1. - a Filipino religious custom of praying for the souls of the deceased.
- 2. - a traditional Filipino boat with colorful sails used for transportation and fishing.
- 4. - a type of warship used in pre-colonial Philippines.
- 6. - a class of freemen in ancient Filipino society.
- 7. - permanent markings made on the skin by puncturing it and inserting pigments.
- 8. trade - international trade that is conducted without restrictions such as tariffs, quotas, or subsidies.
- 9. - a mythical bird in Filipino folklore, often depicted as a symbol of good fortune.
- 11. - Spaniards born in the Philippines during the colonial period.
- 13. - broad, tree-lined streets.
- 14. - a member of a small independent group taking part in irregular fighting, typically against larger regular forces.
- 15. - a traditional Filipino alcoholic beverage made from the sap of coconut flowers.
- 17. - the buying and selling of goods and services.
- 18. - Spanish colonial policy of resettling indigenous communities into centralized villages.
- 19. - a mythical creature in Filipino folklore, often depicted as a shape-shifting monster or vampire.
- 20. - a Filipino pre-wedding tradition where the groom's family formally asks for the bride's hand in marriage.
- 21. - a traditional farming method involving the slash-and-burn technique.
- 25. - a noble title in pre-colonial Philippine societies.
- 26. - Filipino intellectuals and educated elites during the Spanish colonial period.
- 28. time - a period of time during which there is no war or conflict.
- 29. - a compulsory financial charge imposed by the government on individuals or businesses to fund public expenditures.
- 32. - traditional Filipino town criers or heralds.
- 33. - one-tenth of annual produce or earnings, formerly taken as a tax for the support of the church and clergy.
- 34. - Spanish for "head"; in the colonial context, it referred to the local leader or chief.
- 36. - an amulet or talisman believed to offer magical protection or power.
- 40. - an ancient script used in the Philippines before the arrival of the Spanish colonialists.
- 41. trade - the maritime trade route between Manila in the Philippines and Acapulco in Mexico during the Spanish colonial period.
- 42. - the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry and commerce.
- 44. - Filipino term for beef jerky.
- 45. - a form of Filipino poetry or debate performed in public.