Science Ch. 6 Key Terms

5. an upward fold in rock formed by compression of Earth's crust
6. a number that geologists assign to an earthquake based on the earthquake's size
7. stress that stretches rocks so that it becomes thinner in the middle
9. the force that opposes the motion of one surface as a moves across another surface
11. a force that acts on rock to change it's shape or volume
12. a rating of an earthquake's magnitude based on the size of the earthquake's seismic waves
16. a type of fault with the hanging wall slips downward; caused by tension in the crust
17. seismic waves that vibrate from side to side as well as up and down
21. stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
22. a building mounted on bearings designed to absorb the energy of an earthquake
23. seismic waves that compress and expand the ground like an accordion
24. stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions
26. occurs when an earthquake's violent shaking suddenly turns loose, soft soil into liquid mud
28. a giant wave usually caused by an earthquake beneath the ocean floor
29. a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level

1. a downward fold in rock formed by compression in Earth's crust
2. the shaking and trembling that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface
3. the point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus
4. the block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault
8. an instrument that records and measures seismic waves
10. a rating system that estimates the total energy released by an earthquake
13. vibrations that travel through earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake
14. a type of seismic waves that forms when P waves and S waves reach the earth's surface
15. a type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up-or-down motion
17. the record of an earthquake's seismic waves produced by seismograph
18. the area beneath Earth's surface were rock that is under stress breaks, triggering an earthquake
19. a type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust
20. a scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they causes at a particular place
25. the block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault
27. an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area