Across
- 4. long, narrow depressions on the seafloor that form at the boundary of tectonic plates where one plate is pushed, or subducts, beneath another.
- 8. the sudden release of strain energy in the Earth's crust, resulting in waves of shaking that radiate outwards from the earthquake source
- 10. a broad zone forming as the Pacific Plate slides northwestward past the North American Plate
- 14. the stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions.
- 16. a low area of land between hills or mountains
- 17. the mostly-solid bulk of Earth's interior.
- 19. the outermost shell of a terrestrial planet
- 21. a series of extremely long waves caused by a large and sudden displacement of the ocean, usually the result of an earthquake below or near the ocean floor
- 25. Stress which occurs when rock pulls apart or gets longer
- 26. a large natural elevation of the earth's surface
- 27. when an oceanic plate runs into a continental plate and slides beneath it.
- 28. zone of Earth's mantle lying beneath the lithosphere and believed to be much hotter and more fluid than the lithosphere
- 30. soil with nearly equal parts of sand and silt
- 31. a seismic wave that travels along or parallel to the earth's surface
- 32. an opening in the Earth's crust through which lava
- 33. a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes
Down
- 1. occurs as tectonic plates are pushed together and the crust becomes shorter and thicker
- 2. When two plates come together
- 3. a supercontinent that incorporated almost all the landmasses on Earth
- 5. large-scale horizontal movements of continents relative to one another and to the ocean basins during one or more episodes of geologic time.
- 6. gigantic pieces of the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle
- 7. the vibration of the rock is in the direction of propagation.
- 9. a soft, loose, earthy material containing particles with a grain size of less than 4 micrometres
- 11. a transverse earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth and is usually the second conspicuous wave to reach a seismograph.
- 12. occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other.
- 13. the rising, spread, and sinking of gas, liquid, or molten material caused by the application of heat
- 15. an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means.
- 18. the rigid outer part of the earth
- 20. liquid, iron-nickel layer of the Earth between the solid inner core and lower mantle
- 22. a geologic process in which tectonic plates—large slabs of Earth's lithosphere—split apart from each other.
- 23. The innermost part of Earth
- 24. a geologic process in which tectonic plates—large slabs of Earth's lithosphere—split apart from each other.
- 29. dark, organic material that forms in soil when plant and animal matter decays.
- 31. lies within the top few tens of centimetres of the surface, and is important in sustaining plant growth.
- 34. allow the blocks to move relative to each other.