Across
- 2. - This is the smallest change in the quantity being measured (input) of a measuring instrument that gives a perceptible change in the reading.
- 5. - Information, either qualitative or quantitative, that has been collected.
- 7. - Suitability of the investigative procedure to answer the question being asked. For example, an investigation to find out if the rate of a chemical reaction depended upon the concentration of one of the reactants would not be a valid procedure if the temperature of the reactants was not controlled.
- 9. - If the original experimenter repeats the investigation using same method and equipment and obtains the same results.
- 10. - The quantity between readings, eg a set of 11 readings equally spaced over a distance of 1 metre would give an interval of 10 centimetres.
- 13. error - These cause readings to differ from the true value by a consistent amount each time a measurement is made.
- 14. test - A fair test is one in which only the independent variable has been allowed to affect the dependent variable.
- 16. - The measurements are ones in which there is very little spread about the mean value.
- 18. graph - A line graph, not necessarily on a grid, that shows the general shape of the relationship between two variables. It will not have any points plotted and although the axes should be labelled they may not be scaled.
- 19. - A statement suggesting what will happen in the future, based on observation, experience or a hypothesis.
- 22. - If the investigation is repeated by another person, or by using different equipment or techniques, and the same results are obtained.
- 23. conclusion - A conclusion supported by valid data, obtained from an appropriate experimental design and based on sound reasoning.
Down
- 1. error - Any indication that a measuring system gives a false reading when the true value of a measured quantity is zero, eg the needle on an ammeter failing to return to zero when no current flows.
- 3. - Data which has been shown to be valid.
- 4. error - The difference between a measured value and the true value.
- 6. - A measurement result is considered accurate if it is judged to be close to the true value.
- 8. value - This is the value that would be obtained in an ideal measurement.
- 11. - The interval within which the true value can be expected to lie, with a given level of confidence or probability, eg “the temperature is 20 °C ± 2 °C, at a level of confidence of 95%.
- 12. - These are values in a set of results which are judged not to be part of the variation caused by random uncertainty.
- 15. - The maximum and minimum values of the independent or dependent variables; important in ensuring that any pattern is detected.
- 17. error - These cause readings to be spread about the true value, due to results varying in an unpredictable way from one measurement to the next.
- 20. - Marking a scale on a measuring instrument.
- 21. - A proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations.