Across
- 2. process transport that requires no energy
- 4. movement of particles from high to low concentration without energy
- 6. measure of water’s ability to move; water moves from higher to lower potential
- 8. organisms that tolerate wide salinity ranges
- 13. movement of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide
- 16. protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen
- 18. animals whose internal salt concentration changes with the environment
- 20. folds on filaments that further increase surface area and contain capillaries
- 21. a molecule without charge differences; doesn’t mix well with water
- 22. fish swim with mouth open to push water over gills
- 23. thin structures in fish gills that increase surface area
- 26. “water‑fearing”; repels water and doesn’t dissolve in it
- 27. vacuole a big fluid‑filled sac in plant cells that maintains turgor pressure and stores materials
- 30. pressure of the vacuole pushing the membrane against the cell wall
- 31. organisms that tolerate only narrow salinity ranges
- 32. form of haemoglobin bound to oxygen
- 34. membrane proteins forming pores that let substances pass through
- 35. fish actively pump water over gills using mouth and operculum
- 36. water flows opposite blood flow to maximize oxygen uptake
Down
- 1. membrane proteins that transport specific molecules by changing shape
- 3. compares surface area relative to volume; affects diffusion efficiency
- 5. the pectin‑rich layer that glues plant cells together
- 7. the membrane surrounding the vacuole
- 9. a 3‑carbon alcohol found in triglycerides and phospholipids
- 10. describes the cell membrane as flexible with proteins floating in a phospholipid bilayer
- 11. solution with higher water potential (fewer solutes); water enters the cell
- 12. energy of motion that drives particle movement
- 14. animals that maintain constant internal salt concentration regardless of external salinity
- 15. a form of glucose where the –OH on carbon 1 points upward; used to build cellulose
- 17. difference in concentration between two areas
- 19. diffusion through carrier or channel proteins; no energy needed
- 24. movement of substances against a concentration gradient using ATP
- 25. solution with lower water potential (more solutes) than the cell; water leaves the cell
- 28. the liquid inside the vacuole containing water, ions, sugars, and pigments
- 29. movement of water from high water potential to low water potential across a partially permeable membrane
- 33. solution with equal water potential to the cell; no net water movement