Across
- 4. magnitude a scale for measuring the brightness of an object when views from the earth
- 6. electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from a fraction of a millimetre to tens of centimetres, used in communication and cooking
- 9. holes a region in space of infinite density where gravity is so large that nothing can escape from it, including light itself
- 10. an apparatus used for recording and measuring spectra
- 12. high-energy electromagnetic radiation that can penetrate materials
- 13. the pattern of wavelengths or frequencies that appear as coloured lines in a spectroscope - unique to each element
- 14. an object in space that is made of hydrogen and helium, which is luminous in the sky
- 15. cycle the series of changes in the life
- 16. the recording of how long it takes a sound wave to reflect or echo back to its starting point after it hits an object; it is used to detect the location of things, for example a submarine
- 18. radiation a range of electromagnetic waves consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields travelling at the speed of light
- 20. the quality or state of giving out or reflecting light
- 21. shifted the stretching of light waves due to the motion of stars away from the Earth; red-shift makes light appear more red than it should
- 25. radiation a band of the electromagnetic spectrum with energies just below that of visible light, detected by our skin as heat
- 26. the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object
- 27. the collection of everything in existence; including solar systems, galaxies and stars.
- 30. (light, radio, x-ray and space) a device that is used to make distant objects appear closer, through the use of specifically arranged lenses and light
- 34. empty space
- 35. the bending of light as it enters or leaves different substances
- 37. probes an unpiloted, unmanned device sent to explore space and gather scientific information
- 38. spectrum the entire range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, from high-energy gamma rays to low-energy radio waves
- 42. light a band of electromagnetic radiation detected by our eyes
- 43. system the eight planets, and their moons that orbits the Sun, including gas or dust
- 44. year the distance that light travels in 1 year
- 46. 3.26 light years
- 49. Transfer the movement of energy from one place to another without changing form
- 50. vibrations that travel through the air or another medium and can be heard when they reach a person's or animal's ear
- 55. a region of low pressure, in which particles are far apart
- 57. a material that allows light to pass through
- 58. a contracting mass of gas which represents an early stage in the formation of a star
Down
- 1. a region of high pressure where particles are close together
- 2. the amount of matter that something consists of
- 3. the distance from one peak of a wave to the next
- 5. the degree of highness or lowness of a tone
- 7. a substance that does not allow light to pass through
- 8. a system of billions of stars, gas and dust that is held together by gravity
- 11. a substance that allowed light through, but it diffuses so that objects cannot be seen clearly
- 15. wave a wave in which the vibration is in the same direction that the wave is travelling
- 17. a type of electronic test instrument that graphically displays varying voltages of one or more signals as a function of time
- 18. a measure of the ability to do work
- 19. a substance of material through which light can move
- 22. Hubble The scientist who proved that the universe must be expanding in 1929
- 23. a cloud of gas and dust in space, a star nursery
- 24. a propagating dynamic disturbance of one or more quantities
- 28. magnitude a scale for measuring the brightness of an object when views from the earth
- 29. microwave background leftover radiation from the Big Bang or the time when the universe began
- 31. the actual brightness of a star
- 32. class the group in which a star is classified according to its spectrum
- 33. the transfer of energy through waves
- 36. Bang theory the theory that the universe began from a hot, dense state at some time in the past, from when is has continued to expand and will continue to do so in the future
- 37. the distance travelled per unit of time
- 39. the angle a reflected ray makes with the normal
- 40. the distance a particle mores from its position of rest
- 41. wave a wave in which the vibration is at right angles to the direction the wave is travelling
- 45. Russell diagram graph displaying star data with spectral class or star temperature on the x axis and absolute magnitude on the y axis
- 47. waves electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from hundreds of metres to tens of centimetres, used in communication
- 48. a force that attracts mass towards mass; for example, mass towards the centre of the Earth
- 51. Collider world's largest and most powerful particle accelerator
- 52. the sounds produced by waves of greater frequency than humans can hear (greater than 20000 Hz)
- 53. the number of waves produced per second, measured in hertz (Hz)
- 54. rays extremely high-energy electromagnetic radiation emitted by radioactive materials
- 56. rays a band of electromagnetic radiation with energies just above those of visible light, contained in sunlight