Semiconductors

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  1. 6. A transistor with a layer sequence of P–N–P type semiconductors.
  2. 8. Devices Electronic components based on materials with conductivity between conductors and insulators.
  3. 10. Level The energy level with a 50% probability of being occupied by an electron at thermal equilibrium.
  4. 11. Region The region near the PN junction depleted of mobile charge carriers.
  5. 14. Breakdown The breakdown caused by strong electric fields allowing tunneling of electrons.
  6. 18. Breakdown due to carrier multiplication under high reverse bias.
  7. 20. A gate that inverts the input signal.
  8. 26. Bias Connection that reduces the potential barrier and allows current flow in a PN junction.
  9. 28. Band The highest range of electron energies where electrons are normally present.
  10. 29. A circuit that smooths pulsating DC by reducing ripple.
  11. 30. A gate giving high output only when all inputs are high.
  12. 31. Common Base configuration offering low input impedance and high voltage gain.
  13. 33. A device converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).
  14. 34. Bias Connection that increases the barrier preventing current except for leakage.
  15. 35. A circuit that maintains a constant output voltage regardless of input or load variations.
  16. 36. Current The small reverse current due to minority carriers in a diode.
  17. 37. A rectifier converting both half cycles of AC into DC output.
  18. 38. A Light Emitting Diode that emits photons when forward biased.
  19. 39. A three-layer semiconductor device used for amplification or switching.
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  1. 1. A transistor with a layer sequence of N–P–N type semiconductors.
  2. 2. Semiconductor A pure semiconductor without any intentional impurities.
  3. 3. A light-sensitive diode that generates current when exposed to light.
  4. 4. The relationship between current and voltage in a device, showing conduction behavior.
  5. 5. Barrier The electric potential that prevents further diffusion of charge carriers across a junction.
  6. 7. Semiconductor A semiconductor doped with acceptor impurities creating holes as majority carriers.
  7. 9. Junction The boundary between p-type and n-type semiconductor regions.
  8. 12. A gate giving high output when any input is high.
  9. 13. Gap The forbidden energy region between the valence and conduction bands.
  10. 15. Semiconductor A semiconductor doped with donor impurities producing electrons as majority carriers.
  11. 16. A rectifier circuit using one diode allowing current during one half cycle.
  12. 17. Common Collector configuration used for impedance matching with unity voltage gain.
  13. 19. A digital circuit that performs a basic logical function.
  14. 21. Semiconductor A semiconductor doped with impurities to modify its conductivity.
  15. 22. A full-wave rectifier using four diodes in a bridge configuration.
  16. 23. A universal gate giving the complement of OR output.
  17. 24. Band The range of energy levels where free electrons can move and conduct electricity.
  18. 25. Common Emitter transistor configuration providing voltage and current gain.
  19. 27. A universal gate giving the complement of AND output.
  20. 32. Diode A diode designed to operate in the reverse breakdown region for voltage regulation.