Across
- 4. The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment
- 5. conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brains can interpret
- 7. The theory that opposing retinal processes (red - green. yellow - blue, white - black) enable color vision.
- 10. the adjustable opening in the eye through which light enters.
- 12. the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time
- 14. The controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition
- 19. A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
- 20. Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation.
- 21. the principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percent-age (rather than a constant account)
- 22. depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone
- 23. retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations
- 24. a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening.
- 25. The theory that the retina contains three different color receptors
- 26. interaction the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste
Down
- 1. the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina
- 2. the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina
- 3. the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave's amplitude.
- 6. analysis that begins with sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information
- 8. Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object
- 9. depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes
- 10. the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
- 11. retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when the cones don't respond
- 13. nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement
- 15. information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations
- 16. a binocular cue for perceiving depth: By comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes, the brain computes distance - the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the objects.
- 17. the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina
- 18. The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.