shape representation and segmentation

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Across
  1. 2. What representation encodes boundary directions numerically?
  2. 4. What is obtained by subtracting the eroded image from the original?
  3. 8. What converts the boundary of a shape into a 1-D function?
  4. 10. What issue occurs when segmentation produces too many regions?
  5. 12. What method is used to detect object boundaries?
  6. 13. Which algorithm treats the image like a topographic map?
  7. 16. Which operator is widely used for edge detection?
  8. 17. What type of feature remains unchanged under rotation or scaling?
  9. 18. What is the smallest convex polygon enclosing a shape?
  10. 19. What is the process of dividing an image into meaningful parts?
  11. 21. What commonly causes skeletons to develop unwanted branches?
  12. 22. What representation approximates shapes using straight-line segments?
  13. 23. What operation is dilation followed by erosion?
Down
  1. 1. What segmentation structure uses recursive splitting and merging?
  2. 3. Which descriptor represents shape boundaries in the frequency domain?
  3. 5. Which thresholding method changes based on local variations?
  4. 6. What method groups pixels based on similarity?
  5. 7. What graph structure shows adjacency between segmented regions?
  6. 8. What medial-axis representation simplifies shape structure?
  7. 9. In which domain do Fourier descriptors operate?
  8. 11. What morphological operation is erosion followed by dilation?
  9. 14. What clustering method is commonly used for segmentation?
  10. 15. What region-based method starts from a seed point?
  11. 18. Which transform is used to detect lines and circles?
  12. 20. What technique uses pixel intensity cutoffs for segmentation?