Sino-African Relations: The Case of Zambia and Agency

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Across
  1. 4. Fiscal tools adjusted by Hichilema to revive Zambia’s “comatose” sector (6,5)
  2. 5. Policy requiring states not to recognise Taiwan (3,5)
  3. 6. Structural condition inherited from colonial extraction (10)
  4. 10. Scholar arguing colonialism reconstructed African economies (4)
  5. 12. Region central to Zambia’s mining identity and labour politics (10)
  6. 13. Zambia’s dominant export commodity (6)
  7. 14. Economic pattern centred on resource removal (10)
  8. 15. Second president of Zambia (7)
  9. 17. China’s adaptable influence strategy in Africa, as outlined by Carmody and Taylor (2010) (11)
  10. 18. Area of contention in Chinese‑operated mines that triggered public backlash (5,6)
  11. 20. Opposition leader who mobilised anti‑Chinese sentiment (4)
  12. 25. System of elite‑centred personal rule (17)
  13. 26. Process central to co‑constructed Sino‑African relations (11)
  14. 27. Zambia’s first president associated with one‑party rule (6)
  15. 28. Contested narrative about Chinese lending practices (8)
  16. 30. Economic reform opening Zambia to foreign investment (14)
  17. 31. Political tool deeply rooted in Zambian identity (7)
Down
  1. 1. Political system of North Rhodesia (11)
  2. 2. Actor that pressured the state to regulate Chinese mines (5,7)
  3. 3. Colonial company controlling land and labour in Northern Rhodesia (4)
  4. 7. Practice where political elites distribute resources for loyalty rather than development (9)
  5. 8. Current president emphasising strategic neutrality (9)
  6. 9. Chinese enterprises operating in Zambia (4)
  7. 10. Capacity of African states to shape external engagement (6)
  8. 11. IMF‑backed reforms reshaping Zambia’s economy in the 1970s and 80s (10,10)
  9. 16. Economic activity shifting from aid to commercial engagement (10)
  10. 19. National autonomy debated in discussions of Chinese loans (10)
  11. 21. National mining company later privatised (4)
  12. 22. Political system enabling accountability and opposition (9)
  13. 23. Railway symbolising early China–Zambia solidarity (6)
  14. 24. Strategy of refusing to choose between major powers (12)
  15. 29. Kaunda’s ruling party during one‑party rule (4)