Siw 9

2. Kazakhstan's largest and most populous city.
7. The movement of people, either internally or externally, which significantly impacts Kazakhstan's population.
10. The second-largest ethnic group in Kazakhstan.
12. The event in 1991 that triggered major demographic shifts and emigration.
13. Mountain range that forms a natural border, near which Russian settlements began.
14. The historical lifestyle of the Kazakh ethnic group.
16. A key aspect of Kazakhstan's demographic makeup, with over 130 groups represented.
17. The process of a country's population moving to cities.
18. This rate declined in the 1990s but has since seen recovery.
19. The trend of an increasing proportion of the population being older persons.

1. The large-scale departure of ethnic minorities following the collapse of the Soviet Union.
3. A southern region with a predominantly rural population and high fertility rates. DENSITY: Kazakhstan has one of the world's lowest population figures for this metric.
4. A term associated with the famines of the 1920s and 30s that decimated Kazakhstan's population.
5. The Soviet leader who orchestrated forced deportations to Kazakhstan, diversifying its population.
6. The multi-ethnic nature of Kazakhstan, with numerous nationalities residing within its borders.
8. The term for ethnic Kazakhs who have repatriated to Kazakhstan.
9. The return of ethnic Kazakhs to their ancestral homeland.
11. Adjective describing the population distribution across Kazakhstan's vast territory.
15. The modern capital city, which has experienced rapid population growth.