Skeletal System

3. a tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue & its associated blood vessels that surrounds the bone surface wherever it is not covered by articular cartilage
7. the addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bone by osteoblasts
9. contains the bones of the upper and lower limbs, or appendages, that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton
12. cells that digest protein and mineral components of bone extracellular matrix (resorption) which is part of the normal development, growth, maintenance, and repair of bone
16. the distal and proximal ends of the bone
18. "soft spots" that are found between cranial bones at birth
19. have complex shapes and cannot be grouped into any other bone categories
20. a hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow in adults -- also known as the marrow cavity
22. mature bone cells that are the main cells in bone tissue and maintain its daily metabolism
25. contains few spaces and is arranged in repeating structural units called osteons
28. a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation (joint) with another bone
29. loss of bone minerals

1. process of producing red blood cells, white blood cells, & platelets
2. an immovable joint, which in most cases in an adult holds the skull bones together
4. somewhat cube-shaped and nearly equal in length and width
5. generally thin, provide considerable protection, & provide extensive surfaces for muscle attachment
6. the removal of minerals and collagen fibers from bone by osteoclasts
8. unspecialized stem cells that are the only bone cells to undergo cell division
10. bone-building cells
11. does not contain osteons; is composed of irregular latticeworks of thin columns of bone
13. consists of the bones that lie around the longitudinal axis of the human body
14. produces red blood cells, white blood cells, & platelets
15. the process by which bone forms
16. a thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity
17. the bone's shaft or body -- the long, cylindrical, main portion of the bone
20. regions in a mature bone where the diaphysis joins the epiphysis
21. consists mainly of adipose cells, which store triglycerides
23. the site of the growth plate; once bone growth in length stops, the epiphyseal line is the bony structure that replaces the cartilage that was once present
24. the process by which bone tissue hardens
26. have greater length than width and consist of a shaft and variable number of ends
27. any break in a bone