Across
- 2. Official change, correction, or addition to a law or constitution.
- 3. Rebellion: An uprising of farmers in western Massachusetts that shut down the courts so that farmers would not lose their farms for tax debts.
- 4. and Balances: A system established by the Constitution that prevents any branch of government from becoming too powerful.
- 5. A set of basic principles that determines the powers and duties of a government.
- 6. Madison: American statesman, he was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, the fourth president of the United States, the author of some of the Federalist Papers, and is called the father of the Constitution.
- 8. Compromise: An agreement worked out at the Constitutional Convention establishing that a state's population would determine representation in the lower house of the legislature, while each state would have equal representation in the upper house of the legislature.
- 9. Increased prices for goods and services combined with the reduced value of money.
- 11. Territory: Lands including present-day Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; organized by the Northwest Ordinance of 1787.
- 12. Branch: The division of the federal government that includes the president and the administrative departments; enforces the nation’s laws.
- 14. Sovereignty: The idea that political authority belongs to the people.
- 15. Ordinance of 1787: Legislation passed by Congress to establish a political structure for the Northwest Territory and create a system for the admission of new states.
- 17. Jersey Plan: A proposal to create a unicameral legislature with equal representation of states rather than representation by population; rejected at the Constitutional Convention.
- 19. People who opposed ratification of the Constitution.
- 22. Carta: A charter of liberties agreed to by King John of England, it made the king obey the same laws as citizens.
- 23. People who supported ratification of the Constitution.
- 25. of Confederation: The document that created the first central government for the United States; was replaced by the Constitution in 1789.
- 27. Comprise: An agreement worked out at the Constitutional Convention stating that enslaved people would be counted as three-fifths of a person when determining a state’s population for representation in the lower house of Congress.
- 28. Ordinance of 1785: Legislation passed by Congress authorizing surveys and the division of public lands in the western region of the country.
- 30. Branch: The division of the government that proposes bills and passes them into laws.
Down
- 1. Papers: A series of essays that defended and explained the Constitution and tried to reassure Americans that the states would not be overpowered by the proposed national government.
- 4. Convention: A meeting held in Philadelphia at which delegates from the states wrote the Constitution.
- 6. Branch: The division of the federal government that is made up of the national courts; interprets laws, punishes criminals, and settles disputes between states.
- 7. Commerce: Trade between two or more states.
- 10. A steep drop in economic activity combined with rising unemployment.
- 13. Plan:The plan for government proposed at the Constitutional Convention in which the national government would have supreme power and a legislative branch would have two houses with representation determined by state population.
- 16. Voting rights.
- 18. of Rights: The first 10 amendments to the Constitution; ratified in 1791.
- 20. Shays: Revolutionary War officer who led Shays’s Rebellion.
- 21. An official approval.
- 24. A tax on imports or exports.
- 26. U.S. system of government in which power is distributed between a central government and individual states.
- 29. To plead in favor of.
- 31. Mason: American Patriot who became an Antifederalist and refused to sign the Constitution.