Sociology Vocab

3. A reward or punishment used to enforce conformity to norms.
7. A shared cultural heritage or identity based on factors such as nationality, language, religion, or traditions.
10. Behavior that violates social norms or expectations.
11. (2 words) The intended and openly recognized purpose or outcome of a social institution or action.
13. A sociological perspective that views society as a system of interrelated parts working together to maintain stability.
16. A condition of normlessness that occurs when social norms are unclear or break down, often during periods of rapid change.
18. (3 words) A concept by Charles Horton Cooley explaining how individuals form their self-image based on how they believe others see them.
19. A negative social label that discredits an individual and reduces their social status.

1. (2 words) The practice of judging a culture by its own standards rather than by the standards of another culture.
2. (2 words)The spread of cultural beliefs, practices, or items from one society or group to another.
3. The lifelong process through which individuals learn and internalize their culture and develop a social identity.
4. A rule or expectation for behavior that reflects a society’s values and guides how people are supposed to act.
5. The belief that one’s own culture is superior to others and the tendency to judge other cultures accordingly.
6. Idea from Karl Marx. the capitalist class who own most of society's wealth and means of production
8. The shared beliefs, values, norms, symbols, and material objects that characterize a group or society.
9. The systematic study of human society, social relationships, institutions, and patterns of social behavior.
12. Strongly held norms that involve moral values or ethical standards; violations often result in serious social sanctions.
14. (2 words) The physical objects and technologies created and used by a society.
15. Informal norms or everyday customs that guide polite or routine behavior; violations usually carry mild consequences.
17. A socially constructed category based on perceived physical characteristics, not biological differences.