Soil Formation

5. Rock formed from sediments compressed and compacted in sea or lake beds.
7. Physical weathering where water freezes in cracks and shatters rock.
9. Wet, waterlogged areas where partially decomposed plant material forms peat.
11. Chemical weathering process where minerals react with water.
13. Bogs found in mountainous areas with high rainfall and very acidic soils.
14. Layers of soil (O, A, B, C) used to classify soil profiles.

1. Rock formed when igneous or sedimentary rocks are altered by heat or pressure.
2. The slope or shape of the land that affects soil depth and erosion.
3. Weathering process where oxygen combines with minerals like iron to form rust.
4. Rock formed when magma cools and solidifies.
6. Biological weathering where plant roots penetrate cracks in rocks.
8. Weathering process where carbonic acid dissolves limestone.
10. The top layer of the earth’s surface made up of minerals, organic matter, water, and air.
11. Dark-coloured decomposed plant and animal matter that improves fertility.
12. Period after which most Irish soils developed, making them relatively young.