Soil Orders

4. least developed soils, young soils
6. organic soils>12% organic carbon, high water retention, high cation exchange capacity, low bulk density, form in cold and/or wet environments
8. Dry soils for more than 6 months per year. Low organic matter
10. Cold regions where permafrost is found. Fragile soils
11. volcanic soils. Weat to moderately developed
12. Shrink-swell clays. Buildings and foundations crack with these soils.

1. a little more developed than Entisols, may have a Cambic horizon, soils that have elluviated, but do not show strong illuviation
2. Very acid soils. Found in coniferous forests. Typically have sandy parent material.
3. most highly weathered soils, few weatherable minerals remain, mostly composed of Fe and Al osides. Found in tropical areas
5. the most fertile, productive soil order (breadbasket), high humus content, formed under grassland vegetation
7. formed under a forest, a base saturation >35%, very fertile - second only to mollisols
9. very weathered soils, warm, humid areas of the southeastern US