Solar Eclipse

2. The portion of the Moon’s shadow in which only part of the Sun is covered.
3. The darkest part of the Moon’s shadow, within which the entirety of the Sun's bright face is blocked.
4. The visible surface of the Sun, which consists of a gas layer at a temperature of roughly 5,500° Celsius (10,000° Fahrenheit).
7. The maximum phase of a total solar eclipse, during which the Moon’s disk completely covers the Sun's bright face.
9. Hot gas hanging just above the solar surface, usually appearing as a red-colored arc or filament hovering in the lower part of the corona.
10. A solar eclipse where the apparent diameter of the Moon is large enough to completely cover the Sun’s photosphere (even if only momentarily) and reveal the faint solar corona.
12. A thin, red-colored layer of solar atmosphere located just above the photosphere.
13. Caused by shafts of sunlight shining through deep valleys on the lunar limb (edge), they look like a series of brilliant beads popping on and off. They appear just prior to second contact and just after third contact at annular and total solar eclipses.

1. A solar eclipse where the apparent diameter of the Moon is too small to completely cover the Sun.
5. A solar eclipse where the Moon covers only a portion of the Sun.
6. The Sun’s upper atmosphere, visible as a pearly glow around the eclipsed Sun during totality. Its shape (sometimes elongated, sometimes round) is determined by the Sun’s magnetic field and is linked to the sunspot cycle.
8. A single Baily’s Bead, shining like a brilliant diamond set into a pale ring created by the pearly white corona. It’s the signal that totality is about to start (second contact) or has ended (third contact).
11. Dark regions on the Sun where magnetic fields are bundled together and are so strong that the flow of hot gas from the Sun’s interior to the surface is inhibited.
14. The plane of Earth's orbit around the Sun or, equivalently, the plane of the Sun's apparent motion around the sky throughout the year.