Across
- 3. the means of enforcing rules
- 6. attacks based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics
- 7. crime committed by average people against other people or organizations, usually in public spaces
- 12. a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law
- 14. crimes based on the use of force or the threat of force
- 16. an organization that exists to enforce a legal code
- 18. a civil force in change of regulating laws and public order at a federal, state or community level
- 19. the regulation and enforcement of norms
- 23. deviance that occurs when a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by memebers or society
- 25. crimes that involve the destruction or theft of property, but do not use force or the threat of force
- 28. a small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society who hold the power and recources
- 29. a theory that suggests conformity to the prevailing cultural norms of lower-class society causes crime
- 30. a violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual's self-image or interactions with others
- 31. an arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society's members base their daily lives
Down
- 1. punishments for violating norms
- 2. activites against the law, but that do not result in injury to any individual other than the person who engages in them
- 4. the system tasked with supervising individuals who have been arrested for convicted of, or sentenced for criminal offenses
- 5. states that individuals learn deviaopportunitiesrom those close to them who provide models of and oppurtunities for deviance
- 8. a violation of contextual, cultural, or sopportunitiesdifferentialassociationtheory states individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and oppurtunites for deviance
- 9. sanctions that are officially recognized and enforced
- 10. sanctions that occur in face-to-face interactions
- 11. a theory that examines social and economic factors as the cause of criminal deviance
- 13. rewards given for conforming to norms
- 15. crime committed by white-collar workers in a business environment
- 17. a collection of data acquired using voluntary response methods, such as questionnaires or telephone interviews
- 20. the ascribing of a deviant behavior to another person by members of society
- 21. a behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions
- 22. codes that maintain formal social control through laws
- 24. a label that describes the chief chracteristic of an individual
- 26. a theory that addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals
- 27. a theory that states social control is directly affected by the strength of social bonds and that deviance results from a feeling of disconnection from society.