space race

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  1. 3. F. Kennedy, The U.S. President during the Cuban Missile Crisis. He ordered a naval blockade around Cuba and negotiated with Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev to remove the missiles.,
  2. 8. Rocket Equation, A mathematical formula developed by Russian scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky that describes the motion of vehicles propelled by rocket engines, crucial for space travel.,
  3. 10. 1, The first artificial Earth satellite, launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957. Its success marked the beginning of the Space Race.,
  4. 11. Armstrong, The first person to walk on the Moon on July 20, 1969, during the Apollo 11 mission. His famous words were, “That’s one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.”,
  5. 12. Race, The competitive period between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War, aimed at achieving superior space exploration milestones. It primarily spanned the late 1950s to the early 1970s.,
  6. 15. Agreement (1963), A direct communication link established between Washington, D.C., and Moscow after the crisis to allow quick and direct contact between leaders and prevent future misunderstandings that could lead to war.
  7. 17. Castro, The communist leader of Cuba who allowed the Soviet Union to place nuclear missiles on the island as protection against future U.S. invasion attempts.,
  8. 18. (Intercontinental Ballistic Missile), A long-range missile capable of carrying nuclear warheads. The Soviet placement of such missiles in Cuba directly threatened the U.S., leading to the crisis.,
  9. 20. Khrushchev, The leader of the Soviet Union during the crisis. He agreed to remove Soviet missiles from Cuba in exchange for U.S. promises not to invade Cuba and the secret removal of U.S. missiles from Turkey.,
  10. 21. Missile Crisis (1962), A 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over the presence of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba. It is considered the closest the world has ever come to nuclear war.,
  11. 22. Gagarin, The first human to travel into space, orbiting the Earth aboard the Soviet spacecraft Vostok 1 on April 12, 1961.,
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  1. 1. V Rocket, A large, multi-stage rocket used by NASA to launch Apollo missions to the Moon. It remains one of the most powerful rockets ever built.,
  2. 2. 1, The Soviet spacecraft that carried Yuri Gagarin into space on April 12, 1961, marking the first human spaceflight.,
  3. 4. 11, The historic 1969 mission that successfully landed humans on the Moon for the first time. Astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins were the crew members.,
  4. 5. of Pigs Invasion (1961), A failed U.S.-backed invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles attempting to overthrow Fidel Castro. The event increased tensions and contributed to Cuba’s alliance with the Soviet Union.,
  5. 6. F. Kennedy’s "Moon Speech", A famous speech given by U.S. President John F. Kennedy on May 25, 1961, where he set the goal of landing a man on the Moon before the end of the decade.,
  6. 7. Module (LM), The spacecraft that carried astronauts from lunar orbit to the Moon's surface and back during Apollo missions. It was used in all Apollo lunar landings.,
  7. 9. (Naval Blockade), A U.S. naval blockade around Cuba ordered by President Kennedy to prevent further Soviet shipments of missiles and military equipment. It was called a “quarantine” to avoid the term “blockade,” which implies an act of war.,
  8. 13. Program, The United States' space program designed to land humans on the Moon and safely return them to Earth. The most famous mission under this program was Apollo 11, which landed Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the Moon in 1969.,
  9. 14. Program, A U.S. spaceflight program that followed Mercury, aimed at developing the skills necessary for the Apollo missions, including spacewalks and rendezvous in space. It ran from 1961 to 1966.,
  10. 16. 2, The Soviet spacecraft that became the first human-made object to impact the Moon, on September 14, 1959.,
  11. 19. Program, The first series of manned spaceflights by the United States, which aimed to put a human in space and return them safely to Earth. It included astronauts like Alan Shepard and John Glenn.,