Across
- 2. words that sound the same but have different meanings and spellings
- 5. anything that hinders or limits a conversation
- 7. a rhetorical device where a speaker or writer asks a question and then immediately answers it
- 8. how speech sounds are organized and used within a language to create meaning.
- 10. the language variety or specific words that you use, specific to a geographical region.
- 15. words consisting of one syllable only
- 18. words and phrases we use to show consideration in conversation, such as "please," "thank you," and "sorry.”
- 19. lexical items that ‘point’ towards something and place words in context e.g. “here,” “there,” “this,” “that” etc.
- 20. adverb or adverbial phrase that strengthens the meaning of other expressions and shows emphasis
- 22. a pattern of a lexical style across a text e.g. formal, informal.
- 25. expresses a degree of certainty, belief or knowledge
- 27. refers to the social status that speakers may gain by using non-standard forms of language or dialects, which are often associated with specific social groups or communities
- 28. the process of reaching a conclusion based on evidence and reasoning, often by "reading between the lines" to figure out what is not explicitly stated
- 29. The grammatical omission of a word/words e.g. “want some?” instead of “do you want some?”
- 30. shortened form of a word or the omission of letters e.g. ‘She would’ becomes She’d’.
Down
- 1. a speakers expresses an attitude or judgement regarding obligation, permission or prohibition.
- 3. how words are pronounced (according to geographical region
- 4. the speaker receives an immediate response e.g. in a conversation.
- 6. verbal feedback from a listener to show they’re listening or agree with the speaker
- 9. informal terms used in everyday language
- 11. the act of meaning something without stating it directly, or the thing that is suggested by an utterance
- 12. The way the words are said e.g. tone, pitch, volume, stress etc.
- 13. changes a declarative to an interrogative
- 14. Speaker A speaks, Speaker B responds, Speaker A comments on the response
- 16. trying to control what is talked about and who is talking when. Staying on topic and changing topic.
- 17. non-verbal and non-linguistic aspects of communication
- 21. the omission of sounds or parts of words in speech e.g. ‘wanna’
- 23. A change in topic occurs.
- 24. used to express uncertainty or appear less direct (sometimes a politeness strategy).
- 26. communication that blends features of both spoken and written language