Across
- 3. red, flame-like jets of gas that rise out of the corona and travel as much as a million kilometers into space
- 6. a comparatively cool, dark region on the sun’s surface caused by a magnetic disturbance
- 7. bonding of subatomic particles that collide with sufficient energy to overcome the repulsive force between like charges
- 9. the inner zone of the sun surrounding the core where energy is transmitted by absorption and emission
- 10. the surface of the sun visible from Earth; also call the solar atmosphere
- 11. a burst of high-energy radiation from space; a longer burst results from the death of a massive star, while a shorter burst forms when a neutron star is pulled into a black hole or when tow neutron stars collide to form a black hole
- 12. a cloud of interstellar gas and dust
- 14. a band running across a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram that contains most of the stars, which are fueled by hydrogen fusion
- 16. rotating neutron stars observed to have pulses of radiation at very regular intervals that typically range from milliseconds to seconds
- 17. the distance traveled by light in one year, approximately 9.5 X 1012 km
- 19. a nebula created when a star about the size of our sun explodes and blows a shell of gas out into space
- 21. a stage in the life of a star when fusion has halted and the star glows solely from the residual heat produces during past eras
- 22. a small, extremely dense star, created from remnants of the supernova explosion of a large star and composed almost entirely of compressed neutrons
- 24. a distance used in astronomy, equal to about 3.26 light-years
- 25. a jet of gas at the edge of the sun, shooting upward from the chromosphere
- 26. a graph that plots absolute stellar luminosity against temperature and shows that stars are organized into groups based on these two properties
Down
- 1. brightness-the brightness of a star as it would appear if it were a fixed distance from Earth, also known as luminosity
- 2. an old star, with lower concentration of heavy elements than a population I star
- 4. the inner zone of the sun above the radiative zone where energy is transmitted primarily by convection
- 5. a relatively young star formed from material ejected by an older, dying star; composed mainly of primordial hydrogen and helium, with a small percentage of heavier elements
- 8. an infinitesimally small region of space, created after the supernova explosion of a huge star, that contains matter packed so densely that light cannot escape from its intense gravitational field
- 13. brightness- the brightness of a star as seen from Earth
- 15. a standard unit for expressing the mass of a star relative to the mass of our sun; 1 solar mass equals the mass of the sun
- 18. a stage in the life of a massive star where it increases dramatically in brightness because of a catastrophic explosion that ejects most of its mass
- 20. a turbulent, diffuse, gaseous layer of the sun that lies above the photosphere
- 23. a stage in the life of a star when hydrogen fusion occurs in a shell around a helium core; the star expands in size and is characterized by cooler surface temperatures and a red appearance