STORAGE MANAGEMENT IN OS

4. How does the OS prevent conflicts when multiple users access the same file?
5. What is a collection of related information identified by a name called?
6. How are directories organized to avoid name conflicts between files?
8. How do applications interact with hardware devices without needing to know the specifics?
11. Systems Which method of I/O processing uses signals to notify the CPU?
12. Which structure allows multiple directories to have the same subdirectory?
15. Which disk scheduling algorithm serves requests in the order they arrive?
17. What part of the disk is responsible for reading and writing data?
18. How does the bitmap technique help track free disk space?
21. Which allocation method minimizes fragmentation by dividing files into blocks?
22. What technique is used to handle disk errors and bad sectors?
23. What structure in UNIX holds metadata for each file?
24. Which algorithm is also known as the "elevator algorithm"?
25. What process allows a file system to be accessible for use?

1. What is the term for large, persistent storage devices?
2. How do operating systems map logical file addresses to physical disk locations?
3. What technique uses a linked list to store directory entries?
7. Which method of disk space allocation is the simplest but can lead to internal fragmentation?
9. What device translates hardware signals for the CPU?
10. What kind of directory structure uses a tree-like model?
13. What method prevents unauthorized access to files?
14. What OS feature allows multiple users to access the same file simultaneously?
16. Methods Which access method is used to read a file sequentially?
19. What part of the OS is responsible for buffering, caching, and spooling?
20. What OS component manages input and output devices?