Across
- 2. membrane-bound organelle containing genetic material DNA that regulates gene expression and cell activities
- 6. a detectable change in the internal or external environment that triggers a response
- 7. action a rapid involuntary response to a stimulus involving a reflex arc
- 9. a microscopic blood vessel with a one cell thick wall allowing efficient exchange of substances between blood and tissues
- 10. the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water potential to lower water potential
- 11. a sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein or functional RNA
- 12. transport the movement of substances against their concentration gradient using energy from ATP via carrier proteins
- 14. the process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy to synthesise glucose from carbon dioxide and water
- 18. the net passive movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration down a concentration gradient
- 20. a physiological or behavioural change resulting from a stimulus
- 22. an organism that synthesises organic compounds from inorganic substances using an external energy source
- 23. organelle where aerobic respiration occurs, producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation
- 25. site of protein synthesis where mRNA is translated into polypeptide chains
- 26. a blood vessel with thinner walls and valves that returns blood to the heart under lower pressure
- 27. a blood vessel with thick elastic walls that carries blood away from the heart under high pressure
- 29. a biological catalyst typically a protein that increases the rate of chemical reactions without being consumed
- 30. an allele that is expressed in the phenotype even when only one copy is present
- 34. a specialised subcellular structure with a specific function, often membrane-bound in eukaryotic cells
- 35. vascular tissue composed of dead cells that transports water and mineral ions from roots to the rest of the plant and provides structural support
- 36. a dynamic system of interactions between a community of organisms and their physical environment
- 37. the straw coloured liquid component of blood that transports cells nutrients hormones and waste products
- 38. the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism capable of carrying out all vital processes
- 41. an iron containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen for transport
- 42. the fusion of the nuclei of male and female gametes to form a diploid zygote
- 43. living vascular tissue that translocates organic nutrients particularly sucrose throughout the plant
Down
- 1. a junction between two neurons where chemical neurotransmitters transmit signals
- 3. the specific reactant molecule upon which an enzyme acts
- 4. the mechanical and chemical breakdown of large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules
- 5. an allele that is only expressed in the phenotype when two copies are present
- 8. a diploid cell formed after fertilisation that undergoes mitotic division to develop into an organism
- 12. the movement of digested soluble molecules across cell membranes into the bloodstream or lymph
- 13. a series of metabolic reactions that release energy from glucose to produce ATP
- 15. a chemical messenger secreted by endocrine glands and transported in the bloodstream to target organs
- 16. a specialised cell adapted to transmit electrical impulses
- 17. microscopic pores in the epidermis of leaves that regulate gas exchange and water loss
- 18. an organism that breaks down dead organic matter releasing nutrients back into the ecosystem
- 19. chain a linear sequence showing the transfer of energy between organisms through feeding relationships
- 21. aqueous medium containing enzymes where most metabolic reactions occur
- 24. organelle containing chlorophyll where photosynthesis takes place
- 27. an alternative form of a gene found at the same locus on homologous chromosomes
- 28. a group of organisms of the same species living in a defined area at a given time
- 31. an organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms
- 32. membrane selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell
- 33. a haploid reproductive cell that fuses with another during fertilisation
- 39. photosynthetic pigment that absorbs light energy mainly in the red and blue wavelengths
- 40. site the region of an enzyme with a specific shape complementary to the substrate where binding and catalysis occur
- 41. the natural environment in which an organism lives and to which it is adapted