Surgical Imaging

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Across
  1. 4. Restricting the x-ray beam to reduce scatter and dose
  2. 7. Converts x-rays to visible light to brighten fluoroscopic images
  3. 8. Radiation safety principle to keep doses “as low as reasonably achievable”
  4. 9. Source-to-image distance; affects magnification and image sharpness
  5. 12. Angled projection used to view anatomy not seen on AP or lateral
  6. 15. Contrast study of a joint under fluoroscopic guidance
  7. 17. Image-guided system tracking surgical instruments in real time
  8. 18. Area covered by x-ray beam at patient surface
  9. 19. Contrast study of bile ducts during surgery
  10. 21. Subtracted overlay image guiding catheter placement in vessels
  11. 22. Short bony bridge targeted for spinal screw placement
  12. 27. Worn by staff to protect from scattered radiation exposure
  13. 29. Real-time x-ray imaging used to guide surgical procedures
  14. 30. Plastic or disposable sheath keeping imaging equipment sterile
  15. 32. Central point around which the C-arm rotates
  16. 33. OR table level affecting C-arm geometry and dose
  17. 35. Scatter radiation traveling back toward x-ray tube
  18. 37. Digital detector replacing image intensifiers in modern systems
  19. 38. Joint replacement surgery checked with fluoroscopy
  20. 39. Stabilizing a fracture using plates, rods, or screws
  21. 40. Inside the bone canal; describes nails or rods used in surgery
  22. 42. Collar shield protecting the thyroid gland during imaging
  23. 43. Sterile barrier covering the flat-panel detector
Down
  1. 1. Realignment of bone fragments before fixation
  2. 2. Captures x-rays and converts them into digital signals
  3. 3. Device that activates fluoroscopy while keeping hands sterile
  4. 5. Object-to-image distance; affects magnification and spatial resolution
  5. 6. Covering C-arm or detector to maintain sterile field
  6. 9. Secondary radiation produced when x-rays deflect off patient
  7. 10. Image enlargement caused by increased object-image distance
  8. 11. Flexible wire used to guide placement of catheters or screws
  9. 13. Hollow design allowing passage over a guidewire
  10. 14. Device that absorbs scatter radiation to improve image contrast
  11. 15. Practice of preventing contamination during sterile procedures
  12. 16. Plane dividing body into left and right halves
  13. 19. Adjustable shutters that shape and limit the beam
  14. 20. Worn device that records radiation exposure to personnel
  15. 23. Procedure injecting cement into vertebra to restore height
  16. 24. Material that allows x-rays to pass through easily
  17. 25. Beam travels from front to back of patient
  18. 26. Surgical specialty that frequently uses intraoperative imaging
  19. 28. Fluoroscopy mode that reduces dose using intermittent x-ray pulses
  20. 31. Surgical removal of vertebral lamina, often under C-arm guidance
  21. 34. Function that freezes final fluoroscopic frame to limit exposure
  22. 36. Mobile x-ray unit used during surgery
  23. 41. Beam travels side-to-side; used for spine and limb imaging