Across
- 8. A mountain that forms in Earth's crust when molten material, or magma, reaches the surface.
- 9. A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.
- 11. A fold in rock that bends downward to form a V shape.
- 13. Measure of the energy released during an earthquake.
- 16. A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data.
- 18. A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
- 19. A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions
- 20. Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle
- 23. A large crater caused by the violent explosion of a volcano that collapses into a depression.
- 25. An undersea valley that represents one of the deepest parts of the ocean.
- 26. Shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault line.
- 27. A crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other.
- 29. A type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust.
- 31. The first geologist to envision some of the continents as having once been joined together.
- 32. A force that pushes on or squeezes a material.
- 34. A steep, cone-shaped hill or small mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano's opening.
- 35. A bend in a rock; bending of rock layers due to stress.
- 36. A major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean.
- 37. A device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through Earth.
- 38. A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume.
- 39. A low, flat, gently sloping volcano built from many slow flows of fluid, low-viscosity, basaltic lava.
Down
- 1. The type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up or down motion.
- 2. An undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary.
- 3. A volcano constructed of alternating layers of pyroclastics and rock solidified from lava flows.
- 4. An invisible line that marks the extent of a territory.
- 5. A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other.
- 6. A wide, flat landform that results from repeated nonexplosive eruptions of lava that spread over a large area.
- 7. A hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations.
- 10. A German scientist who proposed the theory of continental drift in 1912.
- 12. The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary.
- 14. Arating system that estimates the total energy released by an earthquake.
- 15. A type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust.
- 17. The name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and created today's individual continents.
- 21. Specify a percentage of original size to enlarge or reduce the size of an object.
- 22. The movement of one part of Earth's crust under another.
- 24. Stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement.
- 28. The process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor.
- 30. Put together from many different parts.
- 33. A fold in rock that bends upward into an arch.