Teaching and Learning: Theoretical Foundations

2. – The process of transferring knowledge through messages between a sender and a receiver.
4. – A learning theory that sees learning as a mental process of acquiring and organizing information.
6. – The process of interpreting a received message.
8. – A learning theory that suggests learners build knowledge through experiences.
11. – Tools and resources used to support instruction and enhance learning experiences.
12. – An educational theorist who proposed that learning is based on past experiences and active engagement.
14. – A concept in behaviorism where positive or negative stimuli influence learning.
15. Locke – A philosopher who proposed the "blank slate" theory, stating that humans are born without knowledge.
17. – In learning, it refers to active engagement with knowledge rather than passive reception.
18. – A response in communication that ensures understanding between the sender and the receiver.

1. – In behaviorism, an event or situation that evokes a response in learning.
3. – Personal beliefs, biases, and cultural factors that affect communication and learning.
5. – A philosopher who proposed the theory of recollection, suggesting learning is the retrieval of innate knowledge.
7. – Factors such as lighting, noise, and temperature that can affect communication.
9. – A theorist known for social constructivism, which emphasizes learning through social interactions.
10. – A learning process where individuals learn through observation and imitation.
13. – The way a sender interprets a message before transmitting it.
16. – Any tool used to enhance teaching and learning.
19. – A learning theory that focuses on observable behaviors influenced by rewards and punishments.