Tectonic plates

2. An instrument used to detect and record seismic waves produced by earthquakes.
4. The theory that continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea and have since drifted apart.
7. A boundary where two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally, causing earthquakes.
11. A location on the Earth's surface where volcanic activity occurs due to a plume of hot mantle material rising from the Earth's interior.
12. The semi-fluid layer in the mantle where convection currents occur, influencing plate movement.
15. A region of the Earth's crust where tectonic plates are pulling apart, creating fractures and volcanic activity.
16. Large pieces of the Earth's lithosphere that move around, interacting at their boundaries.
19. The rigid outer layer of Earth consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
22. A boundary where two tectonic plates move away from each other, causing the formation of new crust as magma rises from the mantle.
24. Curved chains of volcanic islands formed at convergent plate boundaries.

1. Process where new oceanic crust forms through volcanic activity.
3. The movement of material in the mantle driven by heat, influencing tectonic plate motion.
5. The region where two tectonic plates meet.
6. A boundary where two tectonic plates move toward each other, leading to compression and often resulting in mountain formation or subduction.
8. Waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the Earth or an explosion that radiates outward.
9. Thinner, denser sections of Earth's lithosphere found beneath the oceans.
10. The phenomenon associated with the eruption of molten rock (magma) onto the Earth's surface.
13. The study of Earth's magnetic field preserved in rocks, providing evidence for the movement of tectonic plates over time
14. Columns of hot rock rising from the Earth's mantle, believed to cause volcanic activity in hotspot regions like Hawaii.
17. The process where one tectonic plate moves beneath another at a convergent boundary due to differences in density.
18. An underwater mountain range formed at a divergent boundary where new oceanic crust is created through volcanic activity.
20. A fracture or zone of fractures in the Earth's crust where movement has occurred.
21. A series of ocean waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, often due to undersea earthquakes at tectonic plate boundaries.
23. Molten or semi-molten rock beneath the Earth's surface.