Across
- 5. primary aim of the hearts pumping action between cardiac output and venous return
- 7. The circuit on the left side of the heart pumps blood throughout the body
- 10. This hormone during sympathetic nervous system activation (adrenal medulla)can enhance heart rate and contractility
- 12. Type of heart failure where the heart pumping is inefficient, leading to blood damming
- 13. sympathetic stimulation increasing calcium promoting ventricular ………….
- 14. load, the pressure that must be overcome for the ventricles to open the aortic and pulmonary valves and eject blood
- 15. rate, when blood volume drops sharply the stroke volume declines the cardiac output is maintained by positive chronotropic factors by increasing ….. …. and
Down
- 1. This circuit on the right side of the heart receives oxygen poor blood from the body
- 2. form beds where gas exchange takes place
- 3. output, the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle in 1 minute
- 4. the abnormal accumulation of material in the inner wall of an artery
- 6. This can increase heart rate by enhancing the metabolic rate of cardiac cells which can result from fever or as an effect of exercise (working muscles generate this)
- 8. these aortic and pulmonary valves prevent back flow into the ventricles …. …..
- 9. the left ventricle of the heart is thicker because this is increased
- 11. volume, cardiac output = heart rate X …… ……
- 14. along with Gender, exercise and temperature this can also influence the heart rate