Across
- 5. A method of flattening the Earth to make a map
- 7. A spherical model of the Earth; it is the most accurate representation of the Earth, because the Earth is also a sphere; useless for navigation
- 10. A flat-topped hill whose top is wider than its height
- 16. a large stream of flowing water; there is no consistent definition of how much water makes a stream a river
- 17. Points at 90° north and south latitudes
- 19. The average measurements of precipitation, temperature, wind, and humidity over the course of years (at least 30)
- 20. A group of mountains, usually interconnected by high land (either other mountains or plateaus)
- 21. the central line of longitude, which is measured at 0°, and goes through Greenwich, England
- 26. When things that are eroded from one location are put in another place
- 27. a huge body of saltwater connected to the other oceans with broad boundaries
- 29. Climate zone where it isn’t terribly hot or cold or dry
- 30. A landmass smaller than a continent surrounded on all sides by water
- 32. a cascade of water falling from a height; extremely powerful at eroding the Earth
- 35. an opening in the Earth’s crust through which molten rock (lava), hot gasses, and other materials can erupt; they are a major force in shaping the Earth, creating and destroying land with eruptions
- 37. imaginary vertical lines that measure degrees east and west of the Prime Meridian
- 38. imaginary line going from the North Pole to the South Pole that the Earth spins on; it is tilted at a 23.5° angle
- 39. A high-altitude flatland; we live on the Allegheny Plateau
- 42. The line of longitude at 180° east and west, from which time zones are generally measured
- 47. found between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn; hot; can be rainforest or wet/dry land
- 48. another name for lines of longitude
- 49. The wearing away of land; can be caused by water, wind and ice; water is the main cause of erosion on Earth
- 50. four sections of the year that generally have different types of weather; caused by the tilt of the Earth’s axis
- 51. the study of the Earth’s physical and cultural features
- 52. A very large steep hill; often formed by plate tectonics or volcanoes
Down
- 1. Imaginary line at about 23.5° north latitude
- 2. another name for lines of latitude
- 3. The study of where people live, what they do, and how they use the land
- 4. Extremely cold climate found near the poles or at very high elevations
- 6. Imaginary line at about 23.5° south latitude
- 8. The day on which the Tropic of Capricorn receives direct sunlight
- 9. Climate zone that has well-defined seasons with wide changes in weather throughout the year; we live in this climate zone
- 11. a volcano that is in the process of erupting
- 12. a 25,000-mile-long boundary around the Pacific Plate that has 75% of Earth’s volcanoes and 90% of its earthquakes
- 13. A flat-topped hill whose top is narrower than its height
- 14. Large grassy flatlands; can be called steppes, savannahs, or prairies
- 15. a volcano that isn’t actively erupting, but could become active again
- 17. The movement of plates over time; caused by convection currents in the Earth’s mantle; the movement can lead to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions around the boundaries of the plates; sometimes when plates push together, mountains can be formed
- 18. Imaginary horizontal lines that are used to measure distance in degrees north and south of the equator
- 22. A flat illustration of a specific area on the Earth; they are never 100% accurate, because the Earth is not flat; useful for navigation
- 23. a volcano that can no longer erupt
- 24. The day on which the Tropic of Cancer receives direct sunlight
- 25. Changes in the atmosphere over a short period of time
- 28. A box that explains the meaning of different symbols on the map
- 31. A huge landmass, usually made up of several countries
- 33. A body of water surrounded by land that doesn’t have water flow in and out from an ocean; usually freshwater; usually have rivers and/or streams flowing in and/or out
- 34. The study of the Earth’s natural landforms and climate
- 36. flatland surrounding a river or stream that frequently floods
- 39. Land that is surrounded by water on three sides, but is attached to a larger landmass on the fourth side
- 40. Climate zone with less than 20 inches of rain per year; usually very hot, but can sometimes get cold
- 41. A large body of saltwater that is directly connected to an ocean (water flows back and forth between it and the ocean), but is at least somewhat enclosed by land
- 43. Islands formed by coral reefs building up over time, eventually gathering debris and plants
- 44. The central line of latitude, located at 0°
- 45. Pieces of the Earth’s crust
- 46. A day on which the equator receives direct sunlight; Daylight and night are equal in length; one starts the spring, another the autumn