Across
- 4. disease transmitted by ticks to the Texas cattle along the cattle drives.
- 5. most famous cattle trail in Texas, passed by Fort Worth.
- 6. Biggest ranch in Texas, 3 million acres in exchange for building the Texas capital building.
- 8. works land owned by another person, pays rent in $$ or crops, has their own tools and supplies. "Rent it"
- 10. a serious crime which can lead to prison or death. Cutting barbed wire was considered this.
- 11. pays for land, supplies, and tools with a "share" of the crop. Had no money and was extremely poor.
- 15. holding area near railroads where livestock was held before being shipped to cities.
- 17. Mixture of several breeds of cattle in Texas over time. Tough strong (hardy) breed that could easily handle the Texas climate.
- 20. 825,000 acres ranch in south Texas.
- 21. kept sharecroppers & tenant farmers from ever owning land
- 22. She and her son in law helped the King Ranch expand over a million acres.
- 23. public land for cattle grazing, no fences used. Was brought to an end with the invention of barbed wire.
- 24. made a fortune during the Civil War running a steamboat service, bought a ranch and began raising cattle. After his death his wife and children would expand the ranch and it is a major Texas ranch even today.
- 26. cotton was "King" because it was sold for such a profit.
- 27. tough wild breed on the Texas plains that came from the Spanish, made transportation across the plains faster for the natives and Anglos.
- 28. brought first cattle to Texas in the 1600s, many techniques in ranching today were learned from Spanish vaqueros. Many Mexican ranchers settled in south Texas.
Down
- 1. where meat was processed and sent to markets.
- 2. a merchant who operated a trading post in Indian Territory, spoke several languages. A destination point of a major Texas cattle trail.
- 3. Search of better farmland
- 7. Texas number one cash crop grown after the Civil War, aka "King"
- 9. most likely the only woman to lead a cattle drive. She ran her family ranch and led her own cattle up the Chisholm Trail in 1873. She took over the ranch after the death of her husband.
- 12. improved technology that impacted the cattle industry, prevented meat from spoiling and eliminated the need to keep animals alive and allowed meat to be processed.
- 13. industry that revolutionized Texas, allowed products to get to market from anywhere in the state. Helped end long cattle drives out of Texas
- 14. a ranch hand who takes care of the horses.
- 16. technique to slow evaporation by keeping soil loose by plowing.
- 18. First independent female rancher, bought her own land and her own cattle and rode on cattle drives up the Chisholm trail. She registered her own cattle brand.
- 19. successful cattle rancher, also raised buffalo and owned the JA Ranch in the Texas Panhandle. Helped to save the last Texas buffalo herd by hiding them in Palo Duro Canyon.
- 25. inventor of the most successful form of barbed wire, helped lead to the end of open range ranching.