Across
- 4. v. Painter major Texas case regarding equality for minorities; African American student was denied admission to UT school of Law because of his race; U.S. Supreme Court ruled in his favor and several colleges began to intergrate
- 5. Embargo in the 1970s an effect of U.S. support of Israel during a conflict
- 9. to include people of all races
- 14. Joseph McCarthy leader of conflict
- 15. G.I. Forum
- 17. Movement -opposed big government
- 19. P. Garcia dedicated his life to attaining civil rights for Mexican Americans; formed the American G.I. Forum of Texas; awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom
- 20. (Mexican American Youth Organization)
- 21. (National Organization for Women) worked for equal opportunities in employment and education for women
- 23. African Americans fought for equality -Martin Luther King, Jr. became the leader of the civil rights movement
- 24. v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision that declared separate schools for whites and blacks were not equal; local school boards had to begin integrating immediately
- 28. American Civil Rights Organizations -LULAC
- 30. of U.S. troops sent to fight in the conflict
- 31. Scare -fear of communism spreading around the world
- 33. a residential community close to a city or town; spurred by the new interstate highway system; made it easier for people to move out of cities
- 35. F. Kennedy elected president of the United States in 1960; was assassinated in Dallas, Texas; associated with the Space Race
- 37. DeBakey and Denton Cooley pioneered ways of performing open heart surgery
- 38. to stop the spread of communism in Southeast Asia
- 42. Rights Act of 1965 erased literacy tests and other obstacles for African Americans to vote; removed barriers to voting guaranteed under the 15th Amendment
- 43. Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) directed all of the United States's space exploration efforts; trained astronauts, contributed to the growth of Houston
- 45. Alabama year-long bus boycott
- 46. highway system a network of highways that link major cities across the United States; became an excellent and efficient way to transport goods from cities where they were manufactured to other areas where they would be sold
- 47. v. Texas a case involving jury selection for a trial of a Mexican American man convicted of murder; no Mexican Americans served on the jury; Supreme Court ruled in favor of Hernandez stating Mexican Americans were a protected class
- 48. War the post-World War II struggle between the United States and Soviet Union for power and influence; the struggle did not involve direct fighting between those two superpowers
- 49. protests against the war as it dragged on
Down
- 1. V. Ferguson Supreme Court decision ruling that "separate but equal" public facilities were legal.
- 2. of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) formed by Mexican Americans in 1929 to battle segregation; encouraged Mexican Americans to remember and honor their Mexican heritage
- 3. (Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund)
- 6. of government welfare programs
- 7. oaths (certain government employees pledged to be anti-communists)
- 8. tests an exam to show whether a person can read or write
- 10. A. Gonzalez, Jr. first Mexican American to serve on the Texas Supreme Court
- 11. Race the competition between nations for achievements in space exploration; began when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik into space
- 12. about Soviet spying
- 13. Rides integrated bus rides that went through segregated areas in order to draw attention to civil rights
- 14. in nonviolent protests such as business boycotts, Freedom Rides, and sit-ins
- 15. ended with country united under communist rule
- 16. Benjy Frances Brooks first women to work in Texas as a pediatric surgeon
- 18. B. Johnson served as president after Kennedy's assassination; launched the Great Society, a liberal program of change; programs included Head Start, Elementary and Secondary Education Act, Medicare Act, Job Corps, and environmental protections
- 22. a person who is strict in observance or traditional or established forms, ways, or beliefs
- 25. a person who is not strict in observance of traditional or established forms, ways, or beliefs
- 26. Belle Madison White Texas civil rights activist who set up local NAACP chapters throughout Texas; played a role in the Sweatt Supreme Court case
- 27. the Middleeast; caused a severe energy crisis in the United States
- 29. to refuse to buy or use particular goods or services as a form of protest
- 32. War Cold War conflict; war between North and South Korea, the United States sided with the South; war ended in 1953 with two countries holding original borders
- 34. a from of protest in which activists sit down inside or in front of a business, thus interfering with the businesses's normal work
- 36. rights movement campaign to end unfair treatment and equal rights for all Americans
- 39. States conducted hearings to investigate suspected Communists in America
- 40. War -Cold War conflict
- 41. Rights Act of 1964 banned discrimination based on race, sex, religion, and national origin in the United States; African Americans could use non-segregated public places
- 44. protest a form of action in favor of a cause that involves marches, boycotts, and possibly deliberately breaking the law to highlight opposition to that law