The Americas

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Across
  1. 3. Latin American leader who led independence movements against Spanish rule in South America.
  2. 6. Old World disease that killed large numbers of Indigenous Americans.
  3. 11. The 1775–1783 war in which the thirteen American colonies fought for independence from British rule
  4. 13. European empire that conquered large parts of the Americas and spread language, religion, and control.
  5. 14. Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire.
  6. 15. System in which a state or people pays money, goods, or labor to a more powerful state as acknowledgment of submission or for protection.
  7. 17. Queen of Spain who, along with King Ferdinand, sponsored Christopher Columbus’s 1492 voyage
  8. 19. Indigenous people of North America (800–1600 CE) known for building large earthen mounds
  9. 20. catastrophic loss of up to 90% of the Indigenous population in the Americas following Christopher Columbus's arrival
  10. 22. The successful 1791–1804 revolt of enslaved Africans in Haiti against French colonial rule
  11. 25. Spanish conquistador who led the expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire in Mexico
Down
  1. 1. Old World animal that transformed Native American transportation and warfare.
  2. 2. Transfer of plants, animals, people, diseases, and ideas between the Old and New Worlds.
  3. 4. Powerful Indigenous empire in South America known for roads, terracing, and centralized government.
  4. 5. Mesoamerican empire centered in Tenochtitlán, known for tribute systems and advanced engineering.
  5. 7. Labor system used by the Inca and later the Spanish, requiring communities to provide workers for public projects like mining and roads.
  6. 8. Cash crop grown in the North America that led to more colonization
  7. 9. Precious metal mined in the Americas that increased European wealth and fueled global trade.
  8. 10. New World crop that improved European nutrition and population growth.
  9. 12. Floating gardens used by the Aztecs for agriculture.
  10. 16. Intellectual movement emphasizing reason, individual rights, and questioning traditional authority.
  11. 18. Religious groups spreading Christianity
  12. 21. Spanish colonial system granting settlers the right to demand labor and tribute from Indigenous people in exchange for “protection” and Christian teaching.
  13. 23. Capital city of the Aztec Empire built on a lake island.
  14. 24. The Inca Empire built 20,000 miles worth of roadway through the _____ mountains